source: trunk/eml/stage_separators/flash.mso @ 436

#*-------------------------------------------------------------------
* EMSO Model Library (EML) Copyright (C) 2004 - 2007 ALSOC.
*
* This LIBRARY is free software; you can distribute it and/or modify
* it under the therms of the ALSOC FREE LICENSE as available at
* http://www.enq.ufrgs.br/alsoc.
*
* EMSO Copyright (C) 2004 - 2007 ALSOC, original code
* from http://www.rps.eng.br Copyright (C) 2002-2004.
* All rights reserved.
*
* EMSO is distributed under the therms of the ALSOC LICENSE as
* available at http://www.enq.ufrgs.br/alsoc.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------
* Author: Paula B. Staudt
* $Id: flash.mso 372 2007-09-21 22:17:36Z arge $
*--------------------------------------------------------------------*#

using "streams";

Model flash
        ATTRIBUTES
        Pallete         = true;
        Icon            = "icon/Flash"; 
        Brief           = "Model of a dynamic flash.";
        Info            =
"== Assumptions ==
* both phases are perfectly mixed.
        
== Specify ==
* the feed stream;
* the outlet flows: OutletV.F and OutletL.F.

== Initial Conditions ==
* the flash initial temperature (OutletL.T);
* the flash initial level (Level);
* (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions.
";
        
        PARAMETERS
outer PP as Plugin (Brief = "External Physical Properties", Type="PP");
outer NComp as Integer (Brief = "Number of chemical components", Lower = 1); 
        V as volume (Brief="Total Volume of the flash");
        Mw(NComp) as molweight;
        orientation as Switcher (Valid=["vertical","horizontal"],Default="vertical");
        diameter as length (Brief="Vessel diameter");

        SET
        Mw=PP.MolecularWeight();

        VARIABLES
in      Inlet as stream(Brief="Feed Stream", PosX=0, PosY=0.5421, Symbol="_{in}");
out     OutletL as liquid_stream(Brief="Liquid outlet stream", PosX=0.4790, PosY=1, Symbol="_{outL}");
out     OutletV as vapour_stream(Brief="Vapour outlet stream", PosX=0.4877, PosY=0, Symbol="_{outV}");
in      InletQ as energy_stream (Brief="Rate of heat supply", PosX=1, PosY=0.7559, Symbol="_{in}");

        M(NComp) as mol (Brief="Molar Holdup in the tray");
        ML as mol (Brief="Molar liquid holdup");
        MV as mol (Brief="Molar vapour holdup");
        E as energy (Brief="Total Energy Holdup on tray");
        vL as volume_mol (Brief="Liquid Molar Volume");
        vV as volume_mol (Brief="Vapour Molar volume");
        Level as length (Brief="liquid height");
        Across as area (Brief="Flash Cross section area");
        vfrac as positive (Brief="Vapourization fraction", Symbol="\phi");
        Pratio as positive      (Brief = "Pressure Ratio", Symbol ="P_{ratio}");        
        Pdrop as press_delta (Brief = "Pressure Drop", DisplayUnit = 'kPa', Symbol ="\Delta P");

        EQUATIONS
        "Component Molar Balance"
        diff(M)=Inlet.F*Inlet.z - OutletL.F*OutletL.z - OutletV.F*OutletV.z;
        
        "Energy Balance"
        diff(E) = Inlet.F*Inlet.h - OutletL.F*OutletL.h - OutletV.F*OutletV.h + InletQ.Q;
        
        "Molar Holdup"
        M = ML*OutletL.z + MV*OutletV.z; 
        
        "Energy Holdup"
        E = ML*OutletL.h + MV*OutletV.h - OutletL.P*V;
        
        "Mol fraction normalisation"
        sum(OutletL.z)=1.0;

        "Mol fraction normalisation"
        sum(OutletL.z)=sum(OutletV.z);

        "Vaporization Fraction"
        OutletV.F = Inlet.F * vfrac;

        "Liquid Volume"
        vL = PP.LiquidVolume(OutletL.T, OutletL.P, OutletL.z);

        "Vapour Volume"
        vV = PP.VapourVolume(OutletV.T, OutletV.P, OutletV.z);
        
        "Chemical Equilibrium"
        PP.LiquidFugacityCoefficient(OutletL.T, OutletL.P, OutletL.z)*OutletL.z = 
                PP.VapourFugacityCoefficient(OutletV.T, OutletV.P, OutletV.z)*OutletV.z;
        
        "Thermal Equilibrium"
        OutletV.T = OutletL.T;
        
        "Mechanical Equilibrium"
        OutletV.P = OutletL.P;

        "Pressure Drop"
        OutletL.P  = Inlet.P - Pdrop;

        "Pressure Ratio"
        OutletL.P = Inlet.P * Pratio;

        "Geometry Constraint"
        V = ML * vL + MV * vV;

        switch orientation
        case "vertical":
        "Cross Section Area"
                Across = 0.5 * asin(1) * diameter^2;
        
        "Liquid Level"
                ML * vL = Across * Level;

        case "horizontal":
        "Cylindrical Side Area"
                Across = 0.25*diameter^2 * (asin(1) - asin((diameter - 2*Level)/diameter)) + 
                                (Level - 0.5*diameter)*sqrt(Level*(diameter - Level));

        "Liquid Level"
                0.5 * asin(1) * diameter^2 * ML* vL = Across * V;
        end
end

#*----------------------------------------------------------------------
* Model of a  Steady State flash
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*# 
Model flash_steady
        ATTRIBUTES
        Pallete         = true;
        Icon            = "icon/Flash"; 
        Brief           = "Model of a Steady State flash.";
        Info            =
"== Assumptions ==
* both phases are perfectly mixed.
        
== Specify ==
* the feed stream;
* the outlet pressure (OutletV.P);
* the outlet temperature OR the heat supplied.
";
        
        PARAMETERS
outer PP as Plugin(Brief = "External Physical Properties", Type="PP");
        
        VARIABLES
in      Inlet as stream(Brief="Feed Stream", PosX=0, PosY=0.5421, Symbol="_{in}");
out     OutletL as liquid_stream(Brief="Liquid outlet stream", PosX=0.4790, PosY=1, Symbol="_{outL}");
out     OutletV as vapour_stream(Brief="Vapour outlet stream", PosX=0.4877, PosY=0, Symbol="_{outV}");
in      InletQ as energy_stream (Brief="Rate of heat supply", PosX=1, PosY=0.7559, Symbol="_{in}");
        vfrac as fraction (Brief="Vapourization fraction", Symbol="\phi");
        Pratio as positive      (Brief = "Pressure Ratio", Symbol ="P_{ratio}");        
        Pdrop as press_delta (Brief = "Pressure Drop", DisplayUnit = 'kPa', Symbol ="\Delta P");

        EQUATIONS
        "The flash calculation"
        [vfrac, OutletL.z, OutletV.z] = PP.Flash(OutletV.T, OutletV.P, Inlet.z);
        
        "Global Molar Balance"
        Inlet.F = OutletV.F + OutletL.F;
        
        "Vaporization Fraction"
        OutletV.F = Inlet.F * vfrac;
        
        "Energy Balance"
        Inlet.F*Inlet.h  + InletQ.Q = OutletL.F*OutletL.h + OutletV.F*OutletV.h;
        
        "Thermal Equilibrium"
        OutletV.T = OutletL.T;
        
        "Mechanical Equilibrium"
        OutletV.P = OutletL.P;

        "Pressure Drop"
        OutletL.P  = Inlet.P - Pdrop;

        "Pressure Ratio"
        OutletL.P = Inlet.P * Pratio;
end

#*----------------------------------------------------------------------
* Model of a steady-state PH flash.
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*# 
Model FlashPHSteady
        ATTRIBUTES
        Pallete         = true;
        Icon            = "icon/Flash"; 
        Brief           = "Model of a static PH flash.";
        Info            =
"This model is for using the flashPH routine available on VRTherm.

== Assumptions ==
* perfect mixing of both phases;

== Specify ==
* the feed stream;
* the heat duty;
* the outlet pressure.
";      

        PARAMETERS
outer PP as Plugin(Brief = "External Physical Properties", Type="PP");
outer NComp as Integer;

        VARIABLES
in      Inlet as stream(Brief="Feed Stream", PosX=0, PosY=0.5421, Symbol="_{in}");
out     OutletL as liquid_stream(Brief="Liquid outlet stream", PosX=0.4790, PosY=1, Symbol="_{outL}");
out     OutletV as vapour_stream(Brief="Vapour outlet stream", PosX=0.4877, PosY=0, Symbol="_{outV}");
in      InletQ as energy_stream (Brief="Rate of heat supply", PosX=1, PosY=0.7559, Symbol="_{in}");
        vfrac as fraction(Brief="Vaporization fraction", Symbol="\phi");
        h as enth_mol(Brief="Mixture enthalpy");
        Pratio as positive (Brief = "Pressure Ratio", Symbol ="P_{ratio}");     
        Pdrop as press_delta (Brief = "Pressure Drop", DisplayUnit = 'kPa', Symbol ="\Delta P");

        EQUATIONS

        "Chemical equilibrium"
        [vfrac,OutletL.z,OutletV.z]=PP.FlashPH(OutletL.P,h,Inlet.z);

        "Global Molar Balance"
        Inlet.F = OutletV.F + OutletL.F;
        OutletV.F = Inlet.F * vfrac;

        "Energy Balance"
        Inlet.F*(h - Inlet.h) = InletQ.Q;
        Inlet.F*h = Inlet.F*(1-vfrac)*OutletL.h + Inlet.F*vfrac*OutletV.h;

        "Thermal Equilibrium"
        OutletV.T = OutletL.T;
        
        "Mechanical Equilibrium"
        OutletV.P = OutletL.P;

        "Pressure Drop"
        OutletL.P  = Inlet.P - Pdrop;

        "Pressure Ratio"
        OutletL.P = Inlet.P * Pratio;
end

#*----------------------------------------------------------------------
* Another model of a steady-state PH flash.
* It is recommended to use [v,x,y]=PP.FlashPH(P,h,z) instead of.
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*# 
Model FlashPHSteadyA
        ATTRIBUTES
        Pallete         = true;
        Icon            = "icon/Flash"; 
        Brief           = "Another model of a static PH flash.";
        Info            =
"This model shows how to model a pressure enthalpy flash
directly with the EMSO modeling language.

This model is for demonstration purposes only, the flashPH
routine available on VRTherm is much more robust.

== Assumptions ==
* perfect mixing of both phases;

== Specify ==
* the feed stream;
* the heat duty;
* the outlet pressure.
";      
        
        PARAMETERS
outer PP as Plugin(Brief = "External Physical Properties", Type="PP");
outer NComp as Integer;
        B as Real(Default=1000, Brief="Regularization Factor");

        VARIABLES
in      Inlet as stream(Brief="Feed Stream", PosX=0, PosY=0.5421, Symbol="_{in}");
out     OutletL as liquid_stream(Brief="Liquid outlet stream", PosX=0.4790, PosY=1, Symbol="_{outL}");
out     OutletV as vapour_stream(Brief="Vapour outlet stream", PosX=0.4877, PosY=0, Symbol="_{outV}");
in      InletQ as energy_stream (Brief="Rate of heat supply", PosX=1, PosY=0.7559, Symbol="_{in}");
        vfrac as fraction(Brief="Vaporization fraction", Symbol="\phi");
        vsat as Real(Lower=-0.1, Upper=1.1, Brief="Vaporization fraction if saturated", Symbol="\phi_{sat}");
        Tsat as temperature(Lower=173, Upper=1473, Brief="Temperature if saturated");
        xsat(NComp) as Real(Lower=0, Upper=1, Brief="Liquid composition if saturated");
        ysat(NComp) as Real(Lower=0, Upper=1, Brief="Vapour composition if saturated");
        Pratio as positive (Brief = "Pressure Ratio", Symbol ="P_{ratio}");     
        Pdrop as press_delta (Brief = "Pressure Drop", DisplayUnit = 'kPa', Symbol ="\Delta P");
        
        zero_one as fraction(Brief="Regularization Variable");
        one_zero as fraction(Brief="Regularization Variable");

        EQUATIONS
        "Chemical equilibrium"
        PP.LiquidFugacityCoefficient(Tsat, OutletL.P, xsat)*xsat = 
                PP.VapourFugacityCoefficient(Tsat, OutletV.P, ysat)*ysat;

        "Global Molar Balance"
        Inlet.F = OutletV.F + OutletL.F;
        OutletV.F = Inlet.F * vfrac;

        "Component Molar Balance"
        Inlet.F*Inlet.z = OutletL.F*xsat + OutletV.F*ysat;
        sum(xsat) = sum(ysat);

        "Energy Balance if saturated"
        Inlet.F*Inlet.h  + InletQ.Q =
                Inlet.F*(1-vsat)*PP.LiquidEnthalpy(Tsat, OutletL.P, xsat) +
                Inlet.F*vsat*PP.VapourEnthalpy(Tsat, OutletV.P, ysat);

        "Real Energy Balance"
        Inlet.F*Inlet.h  + InletQ.Q =
                Inlet.F*(1-vfrac)*OutletL.h + Inlet.F*vfrac*OutletV.h;

        "Thermal Equilibrium"
        OutletV.T = OutletL.T;
        
        "Mechanical Equilibrium"
        OutletV.P = OutletL.P;

        "Pressure Drop"
        OutletL.P  = Inlet.P - Pdrop;

        "Pressure Ratio"
        OutletL.P = Inlet.P * Pratio;

        # regularization functions
        zero_one = (1 + tanh(B * vsat))/2;
        one_zero = (1 - tanh(B * (vsat - 1)))/2;
        
        vfrac = zero_one * one_zero * vsat + 1 - one_zero;
        OutletL.z = zero_one*one_zero*xsat + (1-zero_one*one_zero)*Inlet.z;
        OutletV.z = zero_one*one_zero*ysat + (1-zero_one*one_zero)*Inlet.z;
end