1 | #*------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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2 | * EMSO Model Library (EML) Copyright (C) 2004 - 2007 ALSOC. |
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3 | * |
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4 | * This LIBRARY is free software; you can distribute it and/or modify |
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5 | * it under the therms of the ALSOC FREE LICENSE as available at |
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6 | * http://www.enq.ufrgs.br/alsoc. |
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7 | * |
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8 | * EMSO Copyright (C) 2004 - 2007 ALSOC, original code |
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9 | * from http://www.rps.eng.br Copyright (C) 2002-2004. |
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10 | * All rights reserved. |
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11 | * |
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12 | * EMSO is distributed under the therms of the ALSOC LICENSE as |
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13 | * available at http://www.enq.ufrgs.br/alsoc. |
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14 | * |
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15 | *---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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16 | * File containg models of columns: distillation, stripping, absorbers |
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17 | * rectifier, .... |
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18 | * |
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19 | * The default nomenclature is: |
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20 | * Type_Column_reboilertype_condensertyper |
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21 | * |
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22 | * where: |
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23 | * Type = refluxed or reboiled or section |
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24 | * Column = Stripping, Absorption, Rectifier, Distillation |
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25 | * Reboiler type (if exists) = kettle or thermosyphon |
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26 | * Condenser type (if exists) = with subccoling or without subcooling |
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27 | * |
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28 | *----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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29 | * Author: Paula B. Staudt |
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30 | * $Id: column.mso 511 2008-05-12 17:25:33Z paula $ |
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31 | *---------------------------------------------------------------------*# |
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32 | |
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33 | using "tray"; |
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34 | using "reboiler"; |
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35 | using "condenser"; |
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36 | using "mixers_splitters/splitter"; |
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37 | using "tank"; |
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38 | using "pressure_changers/pump"; |
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39 | |
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40 | #*---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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41 | * Model of a column section with: |
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42 | * - NumberOfTrays=number of trays. |
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43 | * |
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44 | *---------------------------------------------------------------------*# |
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45 | Model Section_ColumnBasic |
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46 | |
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47 | ATTRIBUTES |
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48 | Pallete = false; |
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49 | Icon = "icon/SectionColumn"; |
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50 | Brief = "Model of a column section."; |
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51 | Info = |
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52 | "== Model of a column section containing == |
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53 | * NumberOfTrays trays. |
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54 | |
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55 | == Specify == |
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56 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
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57 | * the Murphree eficiency for each tray Emv; |
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58 | * the InletL stream of the top tray; |
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59 | * the InletV stream of the bottom tray. |
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60 | |
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61 | == Initial Conditions == |
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62 | * the trays temperature (OutletL.T); |
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63 | * the trays liquid level (Level) OR the trays liquid flow (OutletL.F); |
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64 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray. |
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65 | "; |
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66 | |
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67 | PARAMETERS |
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68 | outer PP as Plugin (Brief="External Physical Properties", Type="PP"); |
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69 | outer NComp as Integer (Brief="Number of components"); |
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70 | NumberOfTrays as Integer (Brief="Number of trays", Default=8); |
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71 | SpecialTrayIndex(NumberOfTrays) as Integer (Brief="Number of trays", Default=0,Hidden=true); |
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72 | FeedTrayLocation as Integer (Brief="Feed tray Location", Default=2); |
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73 | g as acceleration (Brief="Gravity Acceleration",Default=9.81,Hidden=true); |
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74 | Mw(NComp) as molweight (Brief="Component Mol Weight",Hidden=true); |
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75 | |
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76 | VapourFlowModel as Switcher (Valid = ["Reepmeyer", "Feehery_Fv", "Roffel_Fv", "Klingberg", "Wang_Fv", "Elgue"], Default = "Reepmeyer"); |
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77 | LiquidFlowModel as Switcher (Valid = ["default", "Wang_Fl", "Olsen", "Feehery_Fl", "Roffel_Fl"], Default = "default"); |
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78 | |
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79 | VolumeOfTray as volume (Brief="Total Volume of the tray"); |
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80 | HeatSupply as heat_rate (Brief="Rate of heat supply"); |
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81 | PlateArea as area (Brief="Plate area = Atray - Adowncomer"); |
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82 | |
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83 | HolesArea as area (Brief="Total holes area"); |
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84 | WeirLength as length (Brief="Weir length"); |
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85 | WeirHeight as length (Brief="Weir height"); |
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86 | FeeheryCoeff as Real (Brief="Feeherys correlation coefficient", Unit='1/m^4', Default=1); |
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87 | ElgueCoeff as Real (Brief="Elgues correlation coefficient", Unit='kg/m/mol^2', Default=1); |
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88 | OlsenCoeff as Real (Brief="Olsens correlation coefficient", Default=1); |
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89 | TrayLiquidPasses as Real (Brief="Number of liquid passes in the tray", Default=1); |
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90 | |
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91 | TopTemperature as temperature; |
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92 | TbottomTemperature as temperature; |
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93 | LevelFraction as fraction (Brief = "Level Fraction"); |
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94 | |
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95 | TopComposition(NComp) as fraction (Brief = "Component Molar Fraction at Top"); |
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96 | BottomComposition(NComp) as fraction (Brief = "Component Molar Fraction at Bottom"); |
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97 | |
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98 | V as volume (Brief="Total Volume of the tray",Hidden=true); |
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99 | Q as heat_rate (Brief="Rate of heat supply",Hidden=true); |
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100 | Ap as area (Brief="Plate area = Atray - Adowncomer",Hidden=true); |
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101 | |
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102 | Ah as area (Brief="Total holes area",Hidden=true); |
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103 | lw as length (Brief="Weir length",Hidden=true); |
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104 | hw as length (Brief="Weir height",Hidden=true); |
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105 | beta as fraction (Brief="Aeration fraction"); |
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106 | alfa as fraction (Brief="Dry pressure drop coefficient"); |
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107 | w as Real (Brief="Feeherys correlation coefficient", Unit='1/m^4', Default=1,Hidden=true); |
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108 | btray as Real (Brief="Elgues correlation coefficient", Unit='kg/m/mol^2', Default=1,Hidden=true); |
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109 | fw as Real (Brief="Olsens correlation coefficient", Default=1,Hidden=true); |
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110 | Np as Real (Brief="Number of liquid passes in the tray", Default=1,Hidden=true); |
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111 | |
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112 | VapourFlow as Switcher (Valid = ["on", "off"], Default = "on",Hidden=true); |
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113 | LiquidFlow as Switcher (Valid = ["on", "off"], Default = "on",Hidden=true); |
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114 | |
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115 | SET |
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116 | SpecialTrayIndex(FeedTrayLocation) =1; |
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117 | Mw = PP.MolecularWeight(); |
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118 | |
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119 | V=VolumeOfTray; |
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120 | Q=HeatSupply; |
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121 | Ap=PlateArea; |
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122 | Ah=HolesArea; |
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123 | lw=WeirLength; |
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124 | hw=WeirHeight ; |
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125 | w=FeeheryCoeff; |
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126 | btray=ElgueCoeff; |
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127 | fw=OlsenCoeff; |
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128 | Np=TrayLiquidPasses; |
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129 | |
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130 | VARIABLES |
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131 | |
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132 | in FeedTray as stream (Brief="Feed stream", PosX=0, PosY=0.55); |
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133 | |
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134 | trays(NumberOfTrays) as tray (Brief="Number of trays"); |
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135 | |
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136 | MurphreeEff as Real (Brief = "Murphree efficiency"); |
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137 | |
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138 | CONNECTIONS |
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139 | |
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140 | trays([2:NumberOfTrays]).OutletV to trays([1:NumberOfTrays-1]).InletV; |
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141 | trays([1:NumberOfTrays-1]).OutletL to trays([2:NumberOfTrays]).InletL; |
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142 | |
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143 | |
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144 | EQUATIONS |
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145 | # Connecting Trays |
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146 | FeedTray.F*SpecialTrayIndex= trays.Inlet.F; |
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147 | FeedTray.T = trays.Inlet.T; |
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148 | FeedTray.P = trays.Inlet.P; |
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149 | FeedTray.z = trays.Inlet.z; |
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150 | FeedTray.v = trays.Inlet.v; |
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151 | FeedTray.h = trays.Inlet.h; |
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152 | |
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153 | for i in [1:NumberOfTrays] do |
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154 | |
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155 | "Murphree Efficiency" |
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156 | trays(i).OutletV.z = MurphreeEff * (trays(i).yideal - trays(i).InletV.z) + trays(i).InletV.z; |
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157 | |
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158 | "Level of clear liquid over the weir" |
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159 | trays(i).Level = trays(i).ML*trays(i).vL/Ap; |
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160 | |
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161 | "Geometry Constraint" |
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162 | V = trays(i).ML* trays(i).vL + trays(i).MV*trays(i).vV; |
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163 | |
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164 | "Energy Holdup" |
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165 | trays(i).E = trays(i).ML*trays(i).OutletL.h + trays(i).MV*trays(i).OutletV.h - trays(i).OutletL.P*V; |
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166 | |
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167 | "Energy Balance" |
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168 | diff(trays(i).E) = ( trays(i).Inlet.F*trays(i).Inlet.h + trays(i).InletL.F*trays(i).InletL.h + trays(i).InletV.F*trays(i).InletV.h- trays(i).OutletL.F*trays(i).OutletL.h - trays(i).OutletV.F*trays(i).OutletV.h + Q ); |
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169 | |
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170 | switch LiquidFlow |
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171 | case "on": |
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172 | switch LiquidFlowModel |
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173 | case "default": |
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174 | "Francis Equation" |
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175 | trays(i).OutletL.F*trays(i).vL = 1.84*'1/s'*lw*((trays(i).Level-(beta*hw))/(beta))^2; |
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176 | |
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177 | case "Wang_Fl": |
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178 | trays(i).OutletL.F*trays(i).vL = 1.84*'m^0.5/s'*lw*((trays(i).Level-(beta*hw))/(beta))^1.5; |
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179 | |
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180 | case "Olsen": |
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181 | trays(i).OutletL.F / 'mol/s'= lw*Np*trays(i).rhoL/sum(Mw*trays(i).OutletV.z)/(0.665*fw)^1.5 * ((trays(i).ML*sum(Mw*trays(i).OutletL.z)/trays(i).rhoL/Ap)-hw)^1.5 * 'm^0.5/mol'; |
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182 | |
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183 | case "Feehery_Fl": |
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184 | trays(i).OutletL.F = lw*trays(i).rhoL/sum(Mw*trays(i).OutletL.z) * ((trays(i).Level-hw)/750/'mm')^1.5 * 'm^2/s'; |
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185 | |
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186 | case "Roffel_Fl": |
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187 | trays(i).OutletL.F = 2/3*sqrt(2*g)*trays(i).rhoL/sum(Mw*trays(i).OutletL.z)*lw*(2*trays(i).btemp-1)*(trays(i).ML*sum(Mw*trays(i).OutletL.z)/(Ap*1.3)/trays(i).rhoL/(2*trays(i).btemp-1))^1.5; |
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188 | end |
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189 | when trays(i).Level < (beta *hw) switchto "off"; |
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190 | |
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191 | case "off": |
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192 | "Low level" |
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193 | trays(i).OutletL.F = 0 * 'mol/h'; |
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194 | when trays(i).Level > (beta * hw) + 1e-6*'m' switchto "on"; |
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195 | end |
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196 | |
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197 | trays(i).btemp = 1 - 0.3593/'Pa^0.0888545'*abs(trays(i).OutletV.F*sum(Mw*trays(i).OutletV.z)/(Ap*1.3)/sqrt(trays(i).rhoV))^0.177709; #/'(kg/m)^0.0888545/s^0.177709'; |
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198 | |
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199 | switch VapourFlow |
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200 | case "on": |
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201 | switch VapourFlowModel |
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202 | case "Reepmeyer": |
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203 | trays(i).InletV.F*trays(i).vV = sqrt((trays(i).InletV.P - trays(i).OutletV.P)/(trays(i).rhoV*alfa))*Ah; |
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204 | |
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205 | case "Feehery_Fv": |
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206 | trays(i).InletV.F = trays(i).rhoV/Ap/w/sum(Mw*trays(i).OutletV.z) * sqrt(((trays(i).InletV.P - trays(i).OutletV.P)-(trays(i).rhoV*g*trays(i).ML*trays(i).vL/Ap))/trays(i).rhoV); |
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207 | |
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208 | case "Roffel_Fv": |
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209 | trays(i).InletV.F^1.08 * 0.0013 * 'kg/m/mol^1.08/s^0.92*1e5' = (trays(i).InletV.P - trays(i).OutletV.P)*1e5 - (beta*sum(trays(i).M*Mw)/(Ap*1.3)*g*1e5) * (trays(i).rhoV*Ah/sum(Mw*trays(i).OutletV.z))^1.08 * 'm^1.08/mol^1.08'; |
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210 | |
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211 | case "Klingberg": |
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212 | trays(i).InletV.F * trays(i).vV = Ap * sqrt(((trays(i).InletV.P - trays(i).OutletV.P)-trays(i).rhoL*g*trays(i).Level)/trays(i).rhoV); |
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213 | |
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214 | case "Wang_Fv": |
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215 | trays(i).InletV.F * trays(i).vV = Ap * sqrt(((trays(i).InletV.P - trays(i).OutletV.P)-trays(i).rhoL*g*trays(i).Level)/trays(i).rhoV*alfa); |
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216 | |
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217 | case "Elgue": |
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218 | trays(i).InletV.F = sqrt((trays(i).InletV.P - trays(i).OutletV.P)/btray); |
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219 | end |
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220 | when trays(i).InletV.F < 1e-6 * 'kmol/h' switchto "off"; |
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221 | |
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222 | case "off": |
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223 | trays(i).InletV.F = 0 * 'mol/s'; |
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224 | when trays(i).InletV.P > trays(i).OutletV.P + trays(i).Level*g*trays(i).rhoL + 1e-1 * 'atm' switchto "on"; |
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225 | end |
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226 | |
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227 | end |
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228 | |
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229 | INITIAL |
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230 | |
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231 | for i in 1:NumberOfTrays do |
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232 | |
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233 | "The initial temperature of the trays" |
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234 | trays(i).OutletL.T = TopTemperature+(TbottomTemperature-TopTemperature)*((i-1)/(NumberOfTrays-1)); |
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235 | |
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236 | "The initial Level of the trays" |
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237 | trays(i).Level = LevelFraction*hw; |
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238 | |
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239 | end |
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240 | |
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241 | for i in 1:NComp-1 do |
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242 | |
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243 | for j in 1:NumberOfTrays do |
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244 | |
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245 | "The initial composition of the trays" |
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246 | trays(j).OutletL.z(i) = TopComposition(i) +(BottomComposition(i)-TopComposition(i) )*((j-1)/(NumberOfTrays-1)); |
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247 | |
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248 | end |
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249 | |
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250 | end |
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251 | |
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252 | end |
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253 | |
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254 | Model Section_Column as Section_ColumnBasic |
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255 | |
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256 | ATTRIBUTES |
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257 | Pallete = true; |
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258 | Icon = "icon/SectionColumn"; |
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259 | Brief = "Model of a column section."; |
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260 | Info = |
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261 | "== Model of a column section containing == |
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262 | * NumberOfTrays trays. |
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263 | |
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264 | == Specify == |
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265 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
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266 | * the Murphree eficiency for each tray Emv; |
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267 | * the InletL stream of the top tray; |
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268 | * the InletV stream of the bottom tray. |
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269 | |
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270 | == Initial Conditions == |
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271 | * the trays temperature (OutletL.T); |
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272 | * the trays liquid level (Level) OR the trays liquid flow (OutletL.F); |
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273 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray. |
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274 | "; |
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275 | |
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276 | VARIABLES |
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277 | |
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278 | in LiquidInlet as stream (Brief="Liquid Inlet in the section", PosX=0.80, PosY=0); |
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279 | out VapourOutlet as vapour_stream (Brief="Vapour Outlet in the section", PosX=0.30, PosY=0); |
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280 | |
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281 | in VapourInlet as stream (Brief="Vapour Inlet in the section", PosX=0.30, PosY=1); |
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282 | out LiquidOutlet as liquid_stream (Brief="Liquid Outlet in the section", PosX=0.80, PosY=1); |
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283 | |
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284 | LiquidConnector as stream (Brief="Liquid connection at the middle trays", PosX=0.75, PosY=1,Hidden=true); |
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285 | VapourConnector as stream (Brief="Vapour connection at the middle trays", PosX=0.55, PosY=0,Hidden=true); |
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286 | |
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287 | CONNECTIONS |
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288 | |
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289 | LiquidConnector to trays(1).InletL; |
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290 | VapourConnector to trays(NumberOfTrays).InletV; |
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291 | |
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292 | EQUATIONS |
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293 | |
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294 | LiquidConnector.F= LiquidInlet.F; |
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295 | LiquidConnector.T = LiquidInlet.T; |
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296 | LiquidConnector.P = LiquidInlet.P; |
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297 | LiquidConnector.z = LiquidInlet.z; |
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298 | LiquidConnector.v = LiquidInlet.v; |
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299 | LiquidConnector.h = LiquidInlet.h; |
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300 | |
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301 | VapourConnector.F= VapourInlet.F; |
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302 | VapourConnector.T = VapourInlet.T; |
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303 | VapourConnector.P = VapourInlet.P; |
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304 | VapourConnector.z = VapourInlet.z; |
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305 | VapourConnector.v = VapourInlet.v; |
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306 | VapourConnector.h = VapourInlet.h; |
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307 | |
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308 | LiquidOutlet.F= trays(NumberOfTrays).OutletL.F; |
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309 | LiquidOutlet.T = trays(NumberOfTrays).OutletL.T; |
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310 | LiquidOutlet.P = trays(NumberOfTrays).OutletL.P; |
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311 | LiquidOutlet.z = trays(NumberOfTrays).OutletL.z; |
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312 | |
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313 | VapourOutlet.F= trays(1).OutletV.F; |
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314 | VapourOutlet.T = trays(1).OutletV.T; |
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315 | VapourOutlet.P = trays(1).OutletV.P; |
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316 | VapourOutlet.z = trays(1).OutletV.z; |
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317 | |
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318 | end |
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319 | |
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320 | #*---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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321 | * Model of a distillation column containing: |
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322 | * - NumberOfTrays like tray; |
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323 | * - a kettle reboiler; |
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324 | * - dynamic condenser; |
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325 | * - a splitter which separate reflux and distillate; |
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326 | * - a pump in reflux stream; |
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327 | *--------------------------------------------------------------------- *# |
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328 | Model Distillation_kettle_cond as Section_ColumnBasic |
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329 | ATTRIBUTES |
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330 | Pallete = true; |
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331 | Icon = "icon/DistillationKettleCond"; |
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332 | Brief = "Model of a distillation column with dynamic condenser and dynamic reboiler."; |
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333 | Info = |
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334 | "== Specify == |
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335 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
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336 | * the Murphree eficiency for each tray Emv; |
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337 | * the pump pressure difference; |
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338 | * the heat supllied in reboiler and condenser; |
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339 | * the condenser vapor outlet flow (OutletV.F); |
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340 | * the reboiler liquid outlet flow (OutletL.F); |
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341 | * both splitter outlet flows OR one of the splitter outlet flows and the splitter frac. |
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342 | |
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343 | == Initial Conditions == |
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344 | * the trays temperature (OutletL.T); |
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345 | * the trays liquid level (Level) OR the trays liquid flow (OutletL.F); |
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346 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray; |
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347 | |
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348 | * the condenser temperature (OutletL.T); |
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349 | * the condenser liquid level (Level); |
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350 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions; |
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351 | |
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352 | * the reboiler temperature (OutletL.T); |
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353 | * the reboiler liquid level (Level); |
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354 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions. |
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355 | "; |
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356 | |
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357 | PARAMETERS |
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358 | CondenserVapourFlow as Switcher (Valid = ["on", "off"], Default = "on",Hidden=true); |
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359 | |
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360 | VARIABLES |
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361 | CondenserUnity as condenser; |
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362 | ReboilerUnity as reboiler; |
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363 | SplitterTop as splitter; |
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364 | PumpUnity as pump; |
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365 | alfaTopo as Real; |
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366 | |
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367 | out HeatToReboiler as power (Brief="Heat supplied to Reboiler",Hidden=true); |
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368 | out HeatToCondenser as power (Brief="Heat supplied to Condenser",Hidden=true); |
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369 | |
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370 | RebNoFlow as sourceNoFlow (Brief="No Inlet Flow to Reboiler",Hidden=true); |
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371 | |
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372 | out VapourDistillate as vapour_stream (Brief="Vapour outlet stream From Top Condenser", PosX=0.72, PosY=0); |
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373 | in ConnectorCondenserVout as stream (Brief="Connector for Vapour outlet stream From Top Condenser", Hidden=true); |
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374 | |
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375 | out LiquidDistillate as liquid_stream (Brief="Liquid outlet stream From Top Splitter", PosX=1, PosY=0.47); |
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376 | in ConnectorSplitterOut as stream (Brief="Connector for Liquid outlet stream From Top Splitter", Hidden=true); |
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377 | |
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378 | out BottomProduct as liquid_stream (Brief="Liquid outlet stream From Reboiler", PosX=1, PosY=1); |
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379 | in ConnectorReboilerLout as stream (Brief="Connector for Liquid outlet stream From Reboiler", Hidden=true); |
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380 | |
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381 | EQUATIONS |
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382 | |
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383 | switch CondenserVapourFlow |
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384 | |
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385 | case "on": |
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386 | CondenserUnity.InletV.F*trays(1).vV = alfaTopo *Ah * sqrt(2*(trays(1).OutletV.P - |
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387 | CondenserUnity.OutletL.P + 1e-8 * 'atm') / (alfa*trays(1).rhoV)); |
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388 | when CondenserUnity.InletV.F < 1e-6 * 'kmol/h' switchto "off"; |
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389 | |
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390 | case "off": |
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391 | CondenserUnity.InletV.F = 0 * 'mol/s'; |
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392 | when trays(1).OutletV.P > CondenserUnity.OutletL.P + 1e-1 * 'atm' switchto "on"; |
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393 | |
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394 | end |
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395 | |
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396 | # Condenser Connector Equations |
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397 | ConnectorCondenserVout.T = VapourDistillate.T; |
---|
398 | ConnectorCondenserVout.P = VapourDistillate.P; |
---|
399 | ConnectorCondenserVout.F = VapourDistillate.F; |
---|
400 | ConnectorCondenserVout.z = VapourDistillate.z; |
---|
401 | |
---|
402 | # Splitter Connector Equations |
---|
403 | ConnectorSplitterOut.T = LiquidDistillate.T; |
---|
404 | ConnectorSplitterOut.P = LiquidDistillate.P; |
---|
405 | ConnectorSplitterOut.F = LiquidDistillate.F; |
---|
406 | ConnectorSplitterOut.z = LiquidDistillate.z; |
---|
407 | |
---|
408 | # Reboiler Connector Equations |
---|
409 | ConnectorReboilerLout.T = BottomProduct.T; |
---|
410 | ConnectorReboilerLout.P = BottomProduct.P; |
---|
411 | ConnectorReboilerLout.F = BottomProduct.F; |
---|
412 | ConnectorReboilerLout.z = BottomProduct.z; |
---|
413 | |
---|
414 | CONNECTIONS |
---|
415 | #vapor |
---|
416 | ReboilerUnity.OutletV to trays(NumberOfTrays).InletV; |
---|
417 | trays(1).OutletV to CondenserUnity.InletV; |
---|
418 | |
---|
419 | #liquid |
---|
420 | CondenserUnity.OutletL to SplitterTop.Inlet; |
---|
421 | SplitterTop.Outlet2 to PumpUnity.Inlet; |
---|
422 | PumpUnity.Outlet to trays(1).InletL; |
---|
423 | trays(NumberOfTrays).OutletL to ReboilerUnity.InletL; |
---|
424 | |
---|
425 | #Connectors |
---|
426 | HeatToReboiler to ReboilerUnity.InletQ; |
---|
427 | HeatToCondenser to CondenserUnity.InletQ; |
---|
428 | RebNoFlow.Outlet to ReboilerUnity.Inlet; |
---|
429 | |
---|
430 | CondenserUnity.OutletV to ConnectorCondenserVout; |
---|
431 | SplitterTop.Outlet1 to ConnectorSplitterOut; |
---|
432 | ReboilerUnity.OutletL to ConnectorReboilerLout; |
---|
433 | |
---|
434 | end |
---|
435 | |
---|
436 | |
---|
437 | #* ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
438 | * Distillation Column model with: |
---|
439 | * |
---|
440 | * - NumberOfTrays like tray; |
---|
441 | * - a vessel in the bottom of column; |
---|
442 | * - a splitter who separate the bottom product and the stream to reboiler; |
---|
443 | * - steady state reboiler (thermosyphon); |
---|
444 | * - a steady state condenser with subcooling; |
---|
445 | * - a vessel drum (layed cilinder); |
---|
446 | * - a splitter which separate reflux and distillate; |
---|
447 | * - a pump in reflux stream. |
---|
448 | * |
---|
449 | * ------------------------------------------------------------------*# |
---|
450 | Model Distillation_thermosyphon_subcooling as Section_ColumnBasic |
---|
451 | ATTRIBUTES |
---|
452 | Pallete = true; |
---|
453 | Icon = "icon/DistillationThermosyphonSubcooling"; |
---|
454 | Brief = "Model of a distillation column with steady condenser and steady reboiler."; |
---|
455 | Info = |
---|
456 | "== Specify == |
---|
457 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
---|
458 | * the Murphree eficiency for each tray Emv; |
---|
459 | * the pump head; |
---|
460 | * the condenser pressure drop; |
---|
461 | * the heat supllied in top and bottom tanks; |
---|
462 | * the heat supllied in condenser and reboiler; |
---|
463 | * the Outlet1 flow in the bottom splitter (spbottom.Outlet1.F) that corresponds to the bottom product; |
---|
464 | * both top splitter outlet flows OR one of the splitter outlet flows and the splitter frac. |
---|
465 | |
---|
466 | == Initial Conditions == |
---|
467 | * the trays temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
468 | * the trays liquid level (Level) OR the trays liquid flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
469 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray; |
---|
470 | |
---|
471 | * the top tank temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
472 | * the top tank liquid level (Level); |
---|
473 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions; |
---|
474 | |
---|
475 | * the bottom tank temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
476 | * the bottom tank liquid level (Level); |
---|
477 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions. |
---|
478 | "; |
---|
479 | |
---|
480 | PARAMETERS |
---|
481 | |
---|
482 | CondenserVapourFlow as Switcher(Valid = ["on", "off"], Hidden=true, Default = "on"); |
---|
483 | |
---|
484 | VARIABLES |
---|
485 | CondenserUnity as condenserSteady; |
---|
486 | TopVessel as tank_cylindrical; |
---|
487 | TopSplitter as splitter; |
---|
488 | PumpUnity as pump; |
---|
489 | ReboilerUnity as reboilerSteady; |
---|
490 | BottomVessel as tank; |
---|
491 | BottomSplitter as splitter; |
---|
492 | |
---|
493 | |
---|
494 | alfaTopo as Real; |
---|
495 | |
---|
496 | out HeatToCondenser as power (Brief="Heat supplied to Condenser",Hidden=true); |
---|
497 | out HeatToReboiler as power (Brief="Heat supplied to Reboiler",Hidden=true); |
---|
498 | out HeatToBottomVessel as power (Brief="Heat supplied to Bottom Vessel",Hidden=true); |
---|
499 | out HeatToTopVessel as power (Brief="Heat supplied to Top Vessel",Hidden=true); |
---|
500 | |
---|
501 | out LiquidDistillate as liquid_stream (Brief="Liquid outlet stream From Top Splitter", PosX=1, PosY=0.47); |
---|
502 | in ConnectorSplitterTop as stream (Brief="Connector for Liquid outlet stream From Top Splitter", Hidden=true); |
---|
503 | |
---|
504 | out BottomProduct as liquid_stream (Brief="Liquid outlet stream From Bottom Splitter", PosX=1, PosY=1); |
---|
505 | in ConnectorSplitterBottom as stream (Brief="Connector for Liquid outlet stream From Reboiler", Hidden=true); |
---|
506 | |
---|
507 | EQUATIONS |
---|
508 | |
---|
509 | # Top Splitter Connector Equations |
---|
510 | ConnectorSplitterTop.T = LiquidDistillate.T; |
---|
511 | ConnectorSplitterTop.P = LiquidDistillate.P; |
---|
512 | ConnectorSplitterTop.F = LiquidDistillate.F; |
---|
513 | ConnectorSplitterTop.z = LiquidDistillate.z; |
---|
514 | |
---|
515 | # Bottom Splitter Connector Equations |
---|
516 | ConnectorSplitterBottom.T = BottomProduct.T; |
---|
517 | ConnectorSplitterBottom.P = BottomProduct.P; |
---|
518 | ConnectorSplitterBottom.F = BottomProduct.F; |
---|
519 | ConnectorSplitterBottom.z = BottomProduct.z; |
---|
520 | |
---|
521 | switch CondenserVapourFlow |
---|
522 | |
---|
523 | case "on": |
---|
524 | CondenserUnity.InletV.F*trays(1).vV = alfaTopo * Ah * sqrt(2*(trays(1).OutletV.P - |
---|
525 | CondenserUnity.OutletL.P + 1e-8 * 'atm') / (alfa*trays(1).rhoV)); |
---|
526 | when CondenserUnity.InletV.F < 1e-6 * 'kmol/h' switchto "off"; |
---|
527 | |
---|
528 | case "off": |
---|
529 | CondenserUnity.InletV.F = 0 * 'mol/s'; |
---|
530 | when trays(1).OutletV.P > CondenserUnity.OutletL.P + 1e-1 * 'atm' switchto "on"; |
---|
531 | |
---|
532 | end |
---|
533 | |
---|
534 | CONNECTIONS |
---|
535 | #vapor |
---|
536 | ReboilerUnity.OutletV to trays(NumberOfTrays).InletV; |
---|
537 | trays(1).OutletV to CondenserUnity.InletV; |
---|
538 | |
---|
539 | #liquid |
---|
540 | CondenserUnity.OutletL to TopVessel.Inlet; |
---|
541 | TopVessel.Outlet to TopSplitter.Inlet; |
---|
542 | TopSplitter.Outlet2 to PumpUnity.Inlet; |
---|
543 | PumpUnity.Outlet to trays(1).InletL; |
---|
544 | trays(NumberOfTrays).OutletL to BottomVessel.Inlet; |
---|
545 | BottomVessel.Outlet to BottomSplitter.Inlet; |
---|
546 | BottomSplitter.Outlet2 to ReboilerUnity.InletL; |
---|
547 | |
---|
548 | #Connectors |
---|
549 | HeatToCondenser to CondenserUnity.InletQ; |
---|
550 | HeatToReboiler to ReboilerUnity.InletQ; |
---|
551 | HeatToBottomVessel to BottomVessel.InletQ; |
---|
552 | HeatToTopVessel to TopVessel.InletQ; |
---|
553 | TopSplitter.Outlet1 to ConnectorSplitterTop; |
---|
554 | BottomSplitter.Outlet1 to ConnectorSplitterBottom; |
---|
555 | |
---|
556 | end |
---|
557 | |
---|
558 | |
---|
559 | #* ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
560 | * Distillation Column model with: |
---|
561 | * |
---|
562 | * - NumberOfTrays like tray; |
---|
563 | * - a vessel in the bottom of column; |
---|
564 | * - a splitter who separate the bottom product and the stream to reboiler; |
---|
565 | * - steady state reboiler (thermosyphon); |
---|
566 | * - a dynamic condenser without subcooling; |
---|
567 | * - a splitter which separate reflux and distillate; |
---|
568 | * - a pump in reflux stream. |
---|
569 | * |
---|
570 | * ------------------------------------------------------------------*# |
---|
571 | Model Distillation_thermosyphon_cond as Section_ColumnBasic |
---|
572 | ATTRIBUTES |
---|
573 | Pallete = true; |
---|
574 | Icon = "icon/DistillationThermosyphonCond"; |
---|
575 | Brief = "Model of a distillation column with dynamic condenser and steady reboiler."; |
---|
576 | Info = |
---|
577 | "== Specify == |
---|
578 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
---|
579 | * the Murphree eficiency for each tray Emv; |
---|
580 | * the pump head; |
---|
581 | * the condenser vapor outlet flow (OutletV.F); |
---|
582 | * the heat supllied in bottom tank; |
---|
583 | * the heat supllied in condenser and reboiler; |
---|
584 | * the Outlet1 flow in the bottom splitter (spbottom.Outlet1.F) that corresponds to the bottom product; |
---|
585 | |
---|
586 | == Initial Conditions == |
---|
587 | * the trays temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
588 | * the trays liquid level (Level) OR the trays liquid flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
589 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray; |
---|
590 | |
---|
591 | * the condenser temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
592 | * the condenser liquid level (Level); |
---|
593 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions; |
---|
594 | |
---|
595 | * the bottom tank temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
596 | * the bottom tank liquid level (Level); |
---|
597 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions. |
---|
598 | "; |
---|
599 | |
---|
600 | PARAMETERS |
---|
601 | CondenserVapourFlow as Switcher (Valid = ["on", "off"], Default = "on",Hidden=true); |
---|
602 | |
---|
603 | VARIABLES |
---|
604 | |
---|
605 | CondenserUnity as condenser; |
---|
606 | SplitterTop as splitter; |
---|
607 | PumpUnity as pump; |
---|
608 | BottomVessel as tank; |
---|
609 | SplitterBottom as splitter; |
---|
610 | ReboilerUnity as reboilerSteady; |
---|
611 | alfaTopo as Real; |
---|
612 | |
---|
613 | out HeatToCondenser as power (Brief="Heat supplied to Condenser",Hidden=true); |
---|
614 | out HeatToReboiler as power (Brief="Heat supplied to Reboiler",Hidden=true); |
---|
615 | out HeatToBottomVessel as power (Brief="Heat supplied to Bottom Vessel",Hidden=true); |
---|
616 | |
---|
617 | out VapourDistillate as vapour_stream (Brief="Vapour outlet stream From Top Condenser", PosX=0.73, PosY=0); |
---|
618 | in ConnectorCondenserVout as stream (Brief="Connector for Vapour outlet stream From Top Condenser", Hidden=true); |
---|
619 | |
---|
620 | out LiquidDistillate as liquid_stream (Brief="Liquid outlet stream From Top Splitter", PosX=1, PosY=0.45); |
---|
621 | in ConnectorSplitterTop as stream (Brief="Connector for Liquid outlet stream From Top Splitter", Hidden=true); |
---|
622 | |
---|
623 | out BottomProduct as liquid_stream (Brief="Liquid outlet stream From Bottom Splitter", PosX=1, PosY=1); |
---|
624 | in ConnectorSplitterBottom as stream (Brief="Connector for Liquid outlet stream From Reboiler", Hidden=true); |
---|
625 | |
---|
626 | EQUATIONS |
---|
627 | |
---|
628 | # Condenser Connector Equations |
---|
629 | ConnectorCondenserVout.T = VapourDistillate.T; |
---|
630 | ConnectorCondenserVout.P = VapourDistillate.P; |
---|
631 | ConnectorCondenserVout.F = VapourDistillate.F; |
---|
632 | ConnectorCondenserVout.z = VapourDistillate.z; |
---|
633 | |
---|
634 | # Top Splitter Connector Equations |
---|
635 | ConnectorSplitterTop.T = LiquidDistillate.T; |
---|
636 | ConnectorSplitterTop.P = LiquidDistillate.P; |
---|
637 | ConnectorSplitterTop.F = LiquidDistillate.F; |
---|
638 | ConnectorSplitterTop.z = LiquidDistillate.z; |
---|
639 | |
---|
640 | # Bottom Splitter Connector Equations |
---|
641 | ConnectorSplitterBottom.T = BottomProduct.T; |
---|
642 | ConnectorSplitterBottom.P = BottomProduct.P; |
---|
643 | ConnectorSplitterBottom.F = BottomProduct.F; |
---|
644 | ConnectorSplitterBottom.z = BottomProduct.z; |
---|
645 | |
---|
646 | switch CondenserVapourFlow |
---|
647 | case "on": |
---|
648 | CondenserUnity.InletV.F*trays(1).vV = alfaTopo * Ah * sqrt(2*(trays(1).OutletV.P - |
---|
649 | CondenserUnity.OutletL.P + 1e-8 * 'atm') / (alfa*trays(1).rhoV)); |
---|
650 | when CondenserUnity.InletV.F < 1e-6 * 'kmol/h' switchto "off"; |
---|
651 | |
---|
652 | case "off": |
---|
653 | CondenserUnity.InletV.F = 0 * 'mol/s'; |
---|
654 | when trays(1).OutletV.P > CondenserUnity.OutletL.P + 1e-1 * 'atm' switchto "on"; |
---|
655 | end |
---|
656 | |
---|
657 | CONNECTIONS |
---|
658 | #vapor |
---|
659 | ReboilerUnity.OutletV to trays(NumberOfTrays).InletV; |
---|
660 | trays(1).OutletV to CondenserUnity.InletV; |
---|
661 | |
---|
662 | #liquid |
---|
663 | CondenserUnity.OutletL to SplitterTop.Inlet; |
---|
664 | SplitterTop.Outlet2 to PumpUnity.Inlet; |
---|
665 | PumpUnity.Outlet to trays(1).InletL; |
---|
666 | trays(NumberOfTrays).OutletL to BottomVessel.Inlet; |
---|
667 | BottomVessel.Outlet to SplitterBottom.Inlet; |
---|
668 | SplitterBottom.Outlet2 to ReboilerUnity.InletL; |
---|
669 | |
---|
670 | #Connectors |
---|
671 | HeatToCondenser to CondenserUnity.InletQ; |
---|
672 | HeatToReboiler to ReboilerUnity.InletQ; |
---|
673 | HeatToBottomVessel to BottomVessel.InletQ; |
---|
674 | CondenserUnity.OutletV to ConnectorCondenserVout; |
---|
675 | SplitterTop.Outlet1 to ConnectorSplitterTop; |
---|
676 | SplitterBottom.Outlet1 to ConnectorSplitterBottom; |
---|
677 | |
---|
678 | end |
---|
679 | |
---|
680 | #* ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
681 | * Distillation Column model with: |
---|
682 | * |
---|
683 | * - NumberOfTrays like tray; |
---|
684 | * - a kettle reboiler; |
---|
685 | * - a steady state condenser with subcooling; |
---|
686 | * - a vessel drum (layed cilinder); |
---|
687 | * - a splitter which separate reflux and distillate; |
---|
688 | * - a pump in reflux stream. |
---|
689 | * |
---|
690 | * ------------------------------------------------------------------*# |
---|
691 | Model Distillation_kettle_subcooling as Section_ColumnBasic |
---|
692 | |
---|
693 | ATTRIBUTES |
---|
694 | Pallete = true; |
---|
695 | Icon = "icon/DistillationKettleSubcooling"; |
---|
696 | Brief = "Model of a distillation column with steady condenser and dynamic reboiler."; |
---|
697 | Info = |
---|
698 | "== Specify == |
---|
699 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
---|
700 | * the Murphree eficiency for each tray (Emv); |
---|
701 | * the pump pressure difference; |
---|
702 | * the heat supllied in reboiler and condenser; |
---|
703 | * the heat supllied in the top tank; |
---|
704 | * the condenser pressure drop; |
---|
705 | * the reboiler liquid outlet flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
706 | * both splitter outlet flows OR one of the splitter outlet flows and the splitter frac. |
---|
707 | |
---|
708 | == Initial Conditions == |
---|
709 | * the trays temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
710 | * the trays liquid level (Level) OR the trays liquid flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
711 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray; |
---|
712 | |
---|
713 | * the top tank temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
714 | * the top tank liquid level (Level); |
---|
715 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions; |
---|
716 | |
---|
717 | * the reboiler temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
718 | * the reboiler liquid level (Level); |
---|
719 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions. |
---|
720 | "; |
---|
721 | |
---|
722 | PARAMETERS |
---|
723 | CondenserVapourFlow as Switcher(Valid = ["on", "off"], Default = "on",Hidden=true); |
---|
724 | |
---|
725 | VARIABLES |
---|
726 | CondenserUnity as condenserSteady; |
---|
727 | TopVessel as tank_cylindrical; |
---|
728 | SplitterTop as splitter; |
---|
729 | PumpUnity as pump; |
---|
730 | ReboilerUnity as reboiler; |
---|
731 | alfaTopo as Real; |
---|
732 | |
---|
733 | out HeatToCondenser as power (Brief="Heat supplied to Condenser",Hidden=true); |
---|
734 | out HeatToReboiler as power (Brief="Heat supplied to Reboiler",Hidden=true); |
---|
735 | out HeatToTopVessel as power (Brief="Heat supplied to Top Vessel",Hidden=true); |
---|
736 | |
---|
737 | out LiquidDistillate as liquid_stream (Brief="Liquid outlet stream From Top Splitter", PosX=1, PosY=0.47); |
---|
738 | in ConnectorSplitterOut as stream (Brief="Connector for Liquid outlet stream From Top Splitter", Hidden=true); |
---|
739 | |
---|
740 | out BottomProduct as liquid_stream (Brief="Liquid outlet stream From Reboiler", PosX=1, PosY=1); |
---|
741 | in ConnectorReboilerLout as stream (Brief="Connector for Liquid outlet stream From Reboiler", Hidden=true); |
---|
742 | |
---|
743 | RebNoFlow as sourceNoFlow (Brief="No Inlet Flow to Reboiler",Hidden=true); |
---|
744 | |
---|
745 | EQUATIONS |
---|
746 | |
---|
747 | # Splitter Connector Equations |
---|
748 | ConnectorSplitterOut.T = LiquidDistillate.T; |
---|
749 | ConnectorSplitterOut.P = LiquidDistillate.P; |
---|
750 | ConnectorSplitterOut.F = LiquidDistillate.F; |
---|
751 | ConnectorSplitterOut.z = LiquidDistillate.z; |
---|
752 | |
---|
753 | # Reboiler Connector Equations |
---|
754 | ConnectorReboilerLout.T = BottomProduct.T; |
---|
755 | ConnectorReboilerLout.P = BottomProduct.P; |
---|
756 | ConnectorReboilerLout.F = BottomProduct.F; |
---|
757 | ConnectorReboilerLout.z = BottomProduct.z; |
---|
758 | |
---|
759 | switch CondenserVapourFlow |
---|
760 | case "on": |
---|
761 | CondenserUnity.InletV.F*trays(1).vV = alfaTopo * Ah * sqrt(2*(trays(1).OutletV.P - |
---|
762 | CondenserUnity.OutletL.P + 1e-8 * 'atm') / (alfa*trays(1).rhoV)); |
---|
763 | when CondenserUnity.InletV.F < 1e-6 * 'kmol/h' switchto "off"; |
---|
764 | |
---|
765 | case "off": |
---|
766 | CondenserUnity.InletV.F = 0 * 'mol/s'; |
---|
767 | when trays(1).OutletV.P > CondenserUnity.OutletL.P + 1e-1 * 'atm' switchto "on"; |
---|
768 | end |
---|
769 | |
---|
770 | CONNECTIONS |
---|
771 | #vapor |
---|
772 | ReboilerUnity.OutletV to trays(NumberOfTrays).InletV; |
---|
773 | trays(1).OutletV to CondenserUnity.InletV; |
---|
774 | |
---|
775 | #liquid |
---|
776 | CondenserUnity.OutletL to TopVessel.Inlet; |
---|
777 | TopVessel.Outlet to SplitterTop.Inlet; |
---|
778 | SplitterTop.Outlet2 to PumpUnity.Inlet; |
---|
779 | PumpUnity.Outlet to trays(1).InletL; |
---|
780 | trays(NumberOfTrays).OutletL to ReboilerUnity.InletL; |
---|
781 | |
---|
782 | #Connectors |
---|
783 | HeatToCondenser to CondenserUnity.InletQ; |
---|
784 | HeatToReboiler to ReboilerUnity.InletQ; |
---|
785 | HeatToTopVessel to TopVessel.InletQ; |
---|
786 | RebNoFlow.Outlet to ReboilerUnity.Inlet; |
---|
787 | |
---|
788 | SplitterTop.Outlet1 to ConnectorSplitterOut; |
---|
789 | ReboilerUnity.OutletL to ConnectorReboilerLout; |
---|
790 | |
---|
791 | end |
---|
792 | |
---|
793 | |
---|
794 | #*---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
795 | * Model of a rectifier containing: |
---|
796 | * - NumberOfTrays like tray; |
---|
797 | * - dymamic condenser without subcooling; |
---|
798 | * - a splitter which separate reflux and distillate; |
---|
799 | * - a pump in reflux stream; |
---|
800 | *---------------------------------------------------------------------*# |
---|
801 | Model Rectifier as Section_ColumnBasic |
---|
802 | |
---|
803 | ATTRIBUTES |
---|
804 | Pallete = true; |
---|
805 | Icon = "icon/RefluxedCond"; |
---|
806 | Brief = "Model of a rectifier column with dynamic condenser."; |
---|
807 | Info = |
---|
808 | "== Specify == |
---|
809 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
---|
810 | * the Murphree eficiency for each tray Emv; |
---|
811 | * the InletV stream of the bottom tray unless its flow; |
---|
812 | * the pump pressure difference; |
---|
813 | * the heat supllied in the condenser; |
---|
814 | * the condenser vapor outlet flow (OutletV.F); |
---|
815 | * both splitter outlet flows OR one of the splitter outlet flows and the splitter frac. |
---|
816 | |
---|
817 | == Initial Conditions == |
---|
818 | * the trays temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
819 | * the trays liquid level (Level) OR the trays liquid flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
820 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray; |
---|
821 | |
---|
822 | * the condenser temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
823 | * the condenser liquid level (Level); |
---|
824 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions; |
---|
825 | "; |
---|
826 | |
---|
827 | PARAMETERS |
---|
828 | CondenserVapourFlow as Switcher(Valid = ["on", "off"], Default = "on",Hidden=true); |
---|
829 | |
---|
830 | VARIABLES |
---|
831 | CondenserUnity as condenser; |
---|
832 | SplitterTop as splitter; |
---|
833 | PumpUnity as pump; |
---|
834 | alfaTopo as Real; |
---|
835 | |
---|
836 | in VapourInlet as stream (Brief="Vapour Inlet in the section", PosX=0.18, PosY=1); |
---|
837 | out LiquidOutlet as liquid_stream (Brief="Liquid Outlet in the section", PosX=0.25, PosY=1); |
---|
838 | |
---|
839 | out HeatToCondenser as power (Brief="Heat supplied to Condenser",Hidden=true); |
---|
840 | |
---|
841 | VapourConnector as stream (Brief="Vapour connection at the middle trays", PosX=0.55, PosY=0,Hidden=true); |
---|
842 | |
---|
843 | EQUATIONS |
---|
844 | |
---|
845 | switch CondenserVapourFlow |
---|
846 | |
---|
847 | case "on": |
---|
848 | CondenserUnity.InletV.F*trays(1).vV = alfaTopo * Ah * sqrt(2*(trays(1).OutletV.P - |
---|
849 | CondenserUnity.OutletL.P + 1e-8 * 'atm') / (alfa*trays(1).rhoV)); |
---|
850 | when CondenserUnity.InletV.F < 1e-6 * 'kmol/h' switchto "off"; |
---|
851 | |
---|
852 | case "off": |
---|
853 | CondenserUnity.InletV.F = 0 * 'mol/s'; |
---|
854 | when trays(1).OutletV.P > CondenserUnity.OutletL.P + 1e-1 * 'atm' switchto "on"; |
---|
855 | |
---|
856 | end |
---|
857 | |
---|
858 | LiquidOutlet.F= trays(NumberOfTrays).OutletL.F; |
---|
859 | LiquidOutlet.T = trays(NumberOfTrays).OutletL.T; |
---|
860 | LiquidOutlet.P = trays(NumberOfTrays).OutletL.P; |
---|
861 | LiquidOutlet.z = trays(NumberOfTrays).OutletL.z; |
---|
862 | |
---|
863 | VapourConnector.F= VapourInlet.F; |
---|
864 | VapourConnector.T = VapourInlet.T; |
---|
865 | VapourConnector.P = VapourInlet.P; |
---|
866 | VapourConnector.z = VapourInlet.z; |
---|
867 | VapourConnector.v = VapourInlet.v; |
---|
868 | VapourConnector.h = VapourInlet.h; |
---|
869 | |
---|
870 | CONNECTIONS |
---|
871 | #vapor |
---|
872 | trays(1).OutletV to CondenserUnity.InletV; |
---|
873 | |
---|
874 | #liquid |
---|
875 | CondenserUnity.OutletL to SplitterTop.Inlet; |
---|
876 | SplitterTop.Outlet2 to PumpUnity.Inlet; |
---|
877 | PumpUnity.Outlet to trays(1).InletL; |
---|
878 | |
---|
879 | #Connectors |
---|
880 | HeatToCondenser to CondenserUnity.InletQ; |
---|
881 | VapourConnector to trays(NumberOfTrays).InletV; |
---|
882 | |
---|
883 | end |
---|
884 | |
---|
885 | |
---|
886 | #* ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
887 | * Rectifier Column with: |
---|
888 | * |
---|
889 | * - NumberOfTrays like tray; |
---|
890 | * - a steady state condenser with subcooling; |
---|
891 | * - a vessel drum (layed cilinder); |
---|
892 | * - a splitter which separate reflux and distillate; |
---|
893 | * - a pump in reflux stream. |
---|
894 | * |
---|
895 | * ------------------------------------------------------------------*# |
---|
896 | |
---|
897 | Model Rectifier_subcooling as Section_ColumnBasic |
---|
898 | |
---|
899 | ATTRIBUTES |
---|
900 | Pallete = true; |
---|
901 | Icon = "icon/RefluxedSubcooling"; |
---|
902 | Brief = "Model of a rectifier column with steady condenser."; |
---|
903 | Info = |
---|
904 | "== Specify == |
---|
905 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
---|
906 | * the Murphree eficiency for each tray Emv; |
---|
907 | * the InletV stream of the bottom tray unless its flow; |
---|
908 | * the pump head; |
---|
909 | * the condenser pressure drop; |
---|
910 | * the heat supllied in the top tank; |
---|
911 | * the heat supllied in condenser; |
---|
912 | * both top splitter outlet flows OR one of the splitter outlet flows and the splitter frac. |
---|
913 | |
---|
914 | == Initial Conditions == |
---|
915 | * the trays temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
916 | * the trays liquid level (Level) OR the trays liquid flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
917 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray; |
---|
918 | |
---|
919 | * the top tank temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
920 | * the top tank liquid level (Level); |
---|
921 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions; |
---|
922 | "; |
---|
923 | |
---|
924 | PARAMETERS |
---|
925 | CondenserVapourFlow as Switcher (Valid = ["on", "off"], Default = "on",Hidden=true); |
---|
926 | |
---|
927 | VARIABLES |
---|
928 | CondenserUnity as condenserSteady; |
---|
929 | TopVessel as tank_cylindrical; |
---|
930 | SplitterTop as splitter; |
---|
931 | PumpUnity as pump; |
---|
932 | alfaTopo as Real; |
---|
933 | |
---|
934 | in VapourInlet as stream (Brief="Vapour Inlet in the section", PosX=0.18, PosY=1); |
---|
935 | out LiquidOutlet as liquid_stream (Brief="Liquid Outlet in the section", PosX=0.25, PosY=1); |
---|
936 | |
---|
937 | out HeatToCondenser as power (Brief="Heat supplied to Condenser",Hidden=true); |
---|
938 | out LiquidDistillate as liquid_stream (Brief="Liquid outlet stream From Top Splitter", PosX=1, PosY=0.47); |
---|
939 | in ConnectorSplitterTop as stream (Brief="Connector for Liquid outlet stream From Top Splitter", Hidden=true); |
---|
940 | out HeatToTopVessel as power (Brief="Heat supplied to Top Vessel",Hidden=true); |
---|
941 | |
---|
942 | VapourConnector as stream (Brief="Vapour connection at the middle trays", PosX=0.55, PosY=0,Hidden=true); |
---|
943 | |
---|
944 | EQUATIONS |
---|
945 | |
---|
946 | LiquidOutlet.F= trays(NumberOfTrays).OutletL.F; |
---|
947 | LiquidOutlet.T = trays(NumberOfTrays).OutletL.T; |
---|
948 | LiquidOutlet.P = trays(NumberOfTrays).OutletL.P; |
---|
949 | LiquidOutlet.z = trays(NumberOfTrays).OutletL.z; |
---|
950 | |
---|
951 | VapourConnector.F= VapourInlet.F; |
---|
952 | VapourConnector.T = VapourInlet.T; |
---|
953 | VapourConnector.P = VapourInlet.P; |
---|
954 | VapourConnector.z = VapourInlet.z; |
---|
955 | VapourConnector.v = VapourInlet.v; |
---|
956 | VapourConnector.h = VapourInlet.h; |
---|
957 | |
---|
958 | # Splitter Connector Equations |
---|
959 | ConnectorSplitterTop.T = LiquidDistillate.T; |
---|
960 | ConnectorSplitterTop.P = LiquidDistillate.P; |
---|
961 | ConnectorSplitterTop.F = LiquidDistillate.F; |
---|
962 | ConnectorSplitterTop.z = LiquidDistillate.z; |
---|
963 | |
---|
964 | switch CondenserVapourFlow |
---|
965 | |
---|
966 | case "on": |
---|
967 | CondenserUnity.InletV.F*trays(1).vV = alfaTopo *Ah * sqrt(2*(trays(1).OutletV.P - |
---|
968 | CondenserUnity.OutletL.P + 1e-8 * 'atm') / (alfa*trays(1).rhoV)); |
---|
969 | when CondenserUnity.InletV.F < 1e-6 * 'kmol/h' switchto "off"; |
---|
970 | |
---|
971 | case "off": |
---|
972 | CondenserUnity.InletV.F = 0 * 'mol/s'; |
---|
973 | when trays(1).OutletV.P > CondenserUnity.OutletL.P + 1e-1 * 'atm' switchto "on"; |
---|
974 | |
---|
975 | end |
---|
976 | |
---|
977 | CONNECTIONS |
---|
978 | #vapor |
---|
979 | trays(1).OutletV to CondenserUnity.InletV; |
---|
980 | |
---|
981 | #liquid |
---|
982 | CondenserUnity.OutletL to TopVessel.Inlet; |
---|
983 | TopVessel.Outlet to SplitterTop.Inlet; |
---|
984 | SplitterTop.Outlet2 to PumpUnity.Inlet; |
---|
985 | PumpUnity.Outlet to trays(1).InletL; |
---|
986 | |
---|
987 | #Connectors |
---|
988 | VapourConnector to trays(NumberOfTrays).InletV; |
---|
989 | HeatToCondenser to CondenserUnity.InletQ; |
---|
990 | SplitterTop.Outlet1 to ConnectorSplitterTop; |
---|
991 | HeatToTopVessel to TopVessel.InletQ; |
---|
992 | |
---|
993 | end |
---|
994 | |
---|
995 | |
---|
996 | #*---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
997 | * Model of a Refluxed Stripping column containing: |
---|
998 | * - NumberOfTrays like tray; |
---|
999 | * - dymamic condenser without subcooling; |
---|
1000 | * - a splitter which separate reflux and distillate; |
---|
1001 | * - a pump in reflux stream; |
---|
1002 | *---------------------------------------------------------------------* |
---|
1003 | Model Refluxed_StrippingTeste |
---|
1004 | ATTRIBUTES |
---|
1005 | Pallete = true; |
---|
1006 | Icon = "icon/RefluxedCond"; |
---|
1007 | Brief = "Model of a refluxed stripping column with dynamic condenser."; |
---|
1008 | Info = |
---|
1009 | "== Specify == |
---|
1010 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
---|
1011 | * the Murphree eficiency for each tray Emv; |
---|
1012 | * the InletV stream of the bottom tray unless its flow; |
---|
1013 | * the pump pressure difference; |
---|
1014 | * the heat supllied in the condenser; |
---|
1015 | * the condenser vapor outlet flow (OutletV.F); |
---|
1016 | * both splitter outlet flows OR one of the splitter outlet flows and the splitter frac. |
---|
1017 | |
---|
1018 | == Initial Conditions == |
---|
1019 | * the trays temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1020 | * the trays liquid level (Level) OR the trays liquid flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
1021 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray; |
---|
1022 | |
---|
1023 | * the condenser temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1024 | * the condenser liquid level (Level); |
---|
1025 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions; |
---|
1026 | "; |
---|
1027 | |
---|
1028 | PARAMETERS |
---|
1029 | outer PP as Plugin(Brief = "External Physical Properties", Type="PP"); |
---|
1030 | outer NComp as Integer; |
---|
1031 | NumberOfTrays as Integer(Brief="Number of trays", Default=2); |
---|
1032 | topdown as Integer(Brief="Trays counting (1=top-down, -1=bottom-up)", Default=1); |
---|
1033 | top as Integer(Brief="Number of top tray"); |
---|
1034 | bot as Integer(Brief="Number of bottom tray"); |
---|
1035 | VapourFlow as Switcher(Valid = ["on", "off"], Default = "on"); |
---|
1036 | |
---|
1037 | SET |
---|
1038 | top = (NumberOfTrays-1)*(1-topdown)/2+1; |
---|
1039 | bot = NumberOfTrays/top; |
---|
1040 | |
---|
1041 | VARIABLES |
---|
1042 | trays(NumberOfTrays) as trayTeste; |
---|
1043 | cond as condenser; |
---|
1044 | sptop as splitter; |
---|
1045 | pump1 as pump; |
---|
1046 | alfaTopo as Real; |
---|
1047 | |
---|
1048 | EQUATIONS |
---|
1049 | switch VapourFlow |
---|
1050 | case "on": |
---|
1051 | cond.InletV.F*trays(top).vV = alfaTopo * trays(top).Ah * sqrt(2*(trays(top).OutletV.P - |
---|
1052 | cond.OutletL.P + 1e-8 * 'atm') / (trays(top).alfa*trays(top).rhoV)); |
---|
1053 | when cond.InletV.F < 1e-6 * 'kmol/h' switchto "off"; |
---|
1054 | |
---|
1055 | case "off": |
---|
1056 | cond.InletV.F = 0 * 'mol/s'; |
---|
1057 | when trays(top).OutletV.P > cond.OutletL.P + 1e-1 * 'atm' switchto "on"; |
---|
1058 | end |
---|
1059 | |
---|
1060 | CONNECTIONS |
---|
1061 | #vapor |
---|
1062 | trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).OutletV to trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).InletV; |
---|
1063 | trays(top).OutletV to cond.InletV; |
---|
1064 | |
---|
1065 | #liquid |
---|
1066 | cond.OutletL to sptop.Inlet; |
---|
1067 | sptop.Outlet2 to pump1.Inlet; |
---|
1068 | pump1.Outlet to trays(top).InletL; |
---|
1069 | trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).OutletL to trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).InletL; |
---|
1070 | end |
---|
1071 | |
---|
1072 | |
---|
1073 | #* ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
1074 | * Refluxed Stripping Column with: |
---|
1075 | * |
---|
1076 | * - NumberOfTrays like tray; |
---|
1077 | * - a steady state condenser (with subcooling); |
---|
1078 | * - a vessel drum (layed cilinder); |
---|
1079 | * - a splitter which separate reflux and distillate; |
---|
1080 | * - a pump in reflux stream. |
---|
1081 | * |
---|
1082 | * ------------------------------------------------------------------* |
---|
1083 | Model Refluxed_Stripping_subcoolingTeste |
---|
1084 | ATTRIBUTES |
---|
1085 | Pallete = true; |
---|
1086 | Icon = "icon/RefluxedSubcooling"; |
---|
1087 | Brief = "Model of a refluxed stripping column with steady condenser."; |
---|
1088 | Info = |
---|
1089 | "== Specify == |
---|
1090 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
---|
1091 | * the Murphree eficiency for each tray Emv; |
---|
1092 | * the InletV stream of the bottom tray unless its flow; |
---|
1093 | * the pump head; |
---|
1094 | * the condenser pressure drop; |
---|
1095 | * the heat supllied in the top tank; |
---|
1096 | * the heat supllied in condenser; |
---|
1097 | * both top splitter outlet flows OR one of the splitter outlet flows and the splitter frac. |
---|
1098 | |
---|
1099 | == Initial Conditions == |
---|
1100 | * the trays temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1101 | * the trays liquid level (Level) OR the trays liquid flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
1102 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray; |
---|
1103 | |
---|
1104 | * the top tank temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1105 | * the top tank liquid level (Level); |
---|
1106 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions; |
---|
1107 | "; |
---|
1108 | |
---|
1109 | PARAMETERS |
---|
1110 | outer PP as Plugin(Brief = "External Physical Properties", Type="PP"); |
---|
1111 | outer NComp as Integer; |
---|
1112 | NumberOfTrays as Integer(Brief="Number of trays", Default=2); |
---|
1113 | topdown as Integer(Brief="Trays counting (1=top-down, -1=bottom-up)", Default=1); |
---|
1114 | top as Integer(Brief="Number of top tray"); |
---|
1115 | bot as Integer(Brief="Number of bottom tray"); |
---|
1116 | VapourFlow as Switcher(Valid = ["on", "off"], Default = "on"); |
---|
1117 | |
---|
1118 | SET |
---|
1119 | top = (NumberOfTrays-1)*(1-topdown)/2+1; |
---|
1120 | bot = NumberOfTrays/top; |
---|
1121 | |
---|
1122 | VARIABLES |
---|
1123 | trays(NumberOfTrays) as trayTeste; |
---|
1124 | cond as condenserSteady; |
---|
1125 | ttop as tank_cylindrical; |
---|
1126 | sptop as splitter; |
---|
1127 | pump1 as pump; |
---|
1128 | alfaTopo as Real; |
---|
1129 | |
---|
1130 | EQUATIONS |
---|
1131 | switch VapourFlow |
---|
1132 | case "on": |
---|
1133 | cond.InletV.F*trays(top).vV = alfaTopo * trays(top).Ah * sqrt(2*(trays(top).OutletV.P - |
---|
1134 | cond.OutletL.P + 1e-8 * 'atm') / (trays(top).alfa*trays(top).rhoV)); |
---|
1135 | when cond.InletV.F < 1e-6 * 'kmol/h' switchto "off"; |
---|
1136 | |
---|
1137 | case "off": |
---|
1138 | cond.InletV.F = 0 * 'mol/s'; |
---|
1139 | when trays(top).OutletV.P > cond.OutletL.P + 1e-1 * 'atm' switchto "on"; |
---|
1140 | end |
---|
1141 | |
---|
1142 | CONNECTIONS |
---|
1143 | #vapor |
---|
1144 | trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).OutletV to trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).InletV; |
---|
1145 | trays(top).OutletV to cond.InletV; |
---|
1146 | |
---|
1147 | #liquid |
---|
1148 | cond.OutletL to ttop.Inlet; |
---|
1149 | ttop.Outlet to sptop.Inlet; |
---|
1150 | sptop.Outlet2 to pump1.Inlet; |
---|
1151 | pump1.Outlet to trays(top).InletL; |
---|
1152 | trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).OutletL to trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).InletL; |
---|
1153 | end |
---|
1154 | |
---|
1155 | |
---|
1156 | #*---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
1157 | * Model of a Refluxed Absorption column containing: |
---|
1158 | * - NumberOfTrays like tray; |
---|
1159 | * - dymamic condenser without subcooling; |
---|
1160 | * - a splitter which separate reflux and distillate; |
---|
1161 | * - a pump in reflux stream; |
---|
1162 | *---------------------------------------------------------------------* |
---|
1163 | Model Refluxed_AbsorptionTeste |
---|
1164 | ATTRIBUTES |
---|
1165 | Pallete = true; |
---|
1166 | Icon = "icon/RefluxedCond"; |
---|
1167 | Brief = "Model of a refluxed absorption column with dynamic condenser."; |
---|
1168 | Info = |
---|
1169 | "== Specify == |
---|
1170 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
---|
1171 | * the Murphree eficiency for each tray Emv; |
---|
1172 | * the InletV stream of the bottom tray unless its flow; |
---|
1173 | * the pump pressure difference; |
---|
1174 | * the heat supllied in the condenser; |
---|
1175 | * the condenser vapor outlet flow (OutletV.F); |
---|
1176 | * both splitter outlet flows OR one of the splitter outlet flows and the splitter frac. |
---|
1177 | |
---|
1178 | == Initial Conditions == |
---|
1179 | * the trays temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1180 | * the trays liquid level (Level) OR the trays liquid flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
1181 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray; |
---|
1182 | |
---|
1183 | * the condenser temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1184 | * the condenser liquid level (Level); |
---|
1185 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions; |
---|
1186 | "; |
---|
1187 | |
---|
1188 | PARAMETERS |
---|
1189 | outer PP as Plugin(Brief = "External Physical Properties", Type="PP"); |
---|
1190 | outer NComp as Integer; |
---|
1191 | NumberOfTrays as Integer(Brief="Number of trays", Default=2); |
---|
1192 | topdown as Integer(Brief="Trays counting (1=top-down, -1=bottom-up)", Default=1); |
---|
1193 | top as Integer(Brief="Number of top tray"); |
---|
1194 | bot as Integer(Brief="Number of bottom tray"); |
---|
1195 | VapourFlow as Switcher(Valid = ["on", "off"], Default = "on"); |
---|
1196 | |
---|
1197 | SET |
---|
1198 | top = (NumberOfTrays-1)*(1-topdown)/2+1; |
---|
1199 | bot = NumberOfTrays/top; |
---|
1200 | |
---|
1201 | VARIABLES |
---|
1202 | trays(NumberOfTrays) as trayTeste; |
---|
1203 | cond as condenser; |
---|
1204 | sptop as splitter; |
---|
1205 | pump1 as pump; |
---|
1206 | alfaTopo as Real; |
---|
1207 | |
---|
1208 | EQUATIONS |
---|
1209 | switch VapourFlow |
---|
1210 | case "on": |
---|
1211 | cond.InletV.F*trays(top).vV = alfaTopo * trays(top).Ah * sqrt(2*(trays(top).OutletV.P - |
---|
1212 | cond.OutletL.P + 1e-8 * 'atm') / (trays(top).alfa*trays(top).rhoV)); |
---|
1213 | when cond.InletV.F < 1e-6 * 'kmol/h' switchto "off"; |
---|
1214 | |
---|
1215 | case "off": |
---|
1216 | cond.InletV.F = 0 * 'mol/s'; |
---|
1217 | when trays(top).OutletV.P > cond.OutletL.P + 1e-1 * 'atm' switchto "on"; |
---|
1218 | end |
---|
1219 | |
---|
1220 | CONNECTIONS |
---|
1221 | #vapor |
---|
1222 | trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).OutletV to trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).InletV; |
---|
1223 | trays(top).OutletV to cond.InletV; |
---|
1224 | |
---|
1225 | #liquid |
---|
1226 | cond.OutletL to cond.InletV; |
---|
1227 | cond.OutletL to sptop.Inlet; |
---|
1228 | sptop.Outlet2 to pump1.Inlet; |
---|
1229 | pump1.Outlet to trays(top).InletL; |
---|
1230 | trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).OutletL to trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).InletL; |
---|
1231 | end |
---|
1232 | |
---|
1233 | |
---|
1234 | #* ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
1235 | * Refluxed Absorption Column with: |
---|
1236 | * |
---|
1237 | * - NumberOfTrays like tray; |
---|
1238 | * - a steady state condenser (with subcooling); |
---|
1239 | * - a vessel drum (layed cilinder); |
---|
1240 | * - a splitter which separate reflux and distillate; |
---|
1241 | * - a pump in reflux stream. |
---|
1242 | * |
---|
1243 | * ------------------------------------------------------------------* |
---|
1244 | Model Refluxed_Absorption_subcoolingTeste |
---|
1245 | ATTRIBUTES |
---|
1246 | Pallete = true; |
---|
1247 | Icon = "icon/RefluxedSubcooling"; |
---|
1248 | Brief = "Model of a refluxed absorption column with steady condenser."; |
---|
1249 | Info = |
---|
1250 | "== Specify == |
---|
1251 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
---|
1252 | * the Murphree eficiency for each tray Emv; |
---|
1253 | * the InletV stream of the bottom tray unless its flow; |
---|
1254 | * the pump head; |
---|
1255 | * the condenser pressure drop; |
---|
1256 | * the heat supllied in the top tank; |
---|
1257 | * the heat supllied in condenser; |
---|
1258 | * both top splitter outlet flows OR one of the splitter outlet flows and the splitter frac. |
---|
1259 | |
---|
1260 | == Initial Conditions == |
---|
1261 | * the trays temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1262 | * the trays liquid level (Level) OR the trays liquid flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
1263 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray; |
---|
1264 | |
---|
1265 | * the top tank temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1266 | * the top tank liquid level (Level); |
---|
1267 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions; |
---|
1268 | "; |
---|
1269 | |
---|
1270 | PARAMETERS |
---|
1271 | outer PP as Plugin(Brief = "External Physical Properties", Type="PP"); |
---|
1272 | outer NComp as Integer; |
---|
1273 | NumberOfTrays as Integer(Brief="Number of trays", Default=2); |
---|
1274 | topdown as Integer(Brief="Trays counting (1=top-down, -1=bottom-up)", Default=1); |
---|
1275 | top as Integer(Brief="Number of top tray"); |
---|
1276 | bot as Integer(Brief="Number of bottom tray"); |
---|
1277 | VapourFlow as Switcher(Valid = ["on", "off"], Default = "on"); |
---|
1278 | |
---|
1279 | SET |
---|
1280 | top = (NumberOfTrays-1)*(1-topdown)/2+1; |
---|
1281 | bot = NumberOfTrays/top; |
---|
1282 | |
---|
1283 | VARIABLES |
---|
1284 | trays(NumberOfTrays) as trayTeste; |
---|
1285 | cond as condenserSteady; |
---|
1286 | ttop as tank_cylindrical; |
---|
1287 | sptop as splitter; |
---|
1288 | pump1 as pump; |
---|
1289 | alfaTopo as Real; |
---|
1290 | |
---|
1291 | EQUATIONS |
---|
1292 | switch VapourFlow |
---|
1293 | case "on": |
---|
1294 | cond.InletV.F*trays(top).vV = alfaTopo * trays(top).Ah * sqrt(2*(trays(top).OutletV.P - |
---|
1295 | cond.OutletL.P + 1e-8 * 'atm') / (trays(top).alfa*trays(top).rhoV)); |
---|
1296 | when cond.InletV.F < 1e-6 * 'kmol/h' switchto "off"; |
---|
1297 | |
---|
1298 | case "off": |
---|
1299 | cond.InletV.F = 0 * 'mol/s'; |
---|
1300 | when trays(top).OutletV.P > cond.OutletL.P + 1e-1 * 'atm' switchto "on"; |
---|
1301 | end |
---|
1302 | |
---|
1303 | CONNECTIONS |
---|
1304 | #vapor |
---|
1305 | trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).OutletV to trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).InletV; |
---|
1306 | trays(top).OutletV to cond.InletV; |
---|
1307 | |
---|
1308 | #liquid |
---|
1309 | cond.OutletL to ttop.Inlet; |
---|
1310 | ttop.Outlet to sptop.Inlet; |
---|
1311 | sptop.Outlet2 to pump1.Inlet; |
---|
1312 | pump1.Outlet to trays(top).InletL; |
---|
1313 | trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).OutletL to trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).InletL; |
---|
1314 | end |
---|
1315 | |
---|
1316 | |
---|
1317 | #* ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
1318 | * Reboiled Stripping Column model with: |
---|
1319 | * |
---|
1320 | * - NumberOfTrays like tray; |
---|
1321 | * - a kettle reboiler; |
---|
1322 | * |
---|
1323 | * ------------------------------------------------------------------* |
---|
1324 | Model Reboiled_Stripping_kettleTeste |
---|
1325 | ATTRIBUTES |
---|
1326 | Pallete = true; |
---|
1327 | Icon = "icon/ReboiledKettle"; |
---|
1328 | Brief = "Model of a reboiled stripping column with dynamic reboiler."; |
---|
1329 | Info = |
---|
1330 | "== Specify == |
---|
1331 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
---|
1332 | * the Murphree eficiency for each tray Emv; |
---|
1333 | * the vapour flow leaving the top of the column; |
---|
1334 | * the InletL stream of the top tray; |
---|
1335 | * the heat supllied in the reboiler; |
---|
1336 | * the reboiler liquid outlet flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
1337 | |
---|
1338 | == Initial Conditions == |
---|
1339 | * the trays temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1340 | * the trays liquid level (Level) OR the trays liquid flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
1341 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray; |
---|
1342 | |
---|
1343 | * the reboiler temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1344 | * the reboiler liquid level (Level); |
---|
1345 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions. |
---|
1346 | "; |
---|
1347 | |
---|
1348 | PARAMETERS |
---|
1349 | outer PP as Plugin(Brief = "External Physical Properties", Type="PP"); |
---|
1350 | outer NComp as Integer; |
---|
1351 | NumberOfTrays as Integer(Brief="Number of trays", Default=2); |
---|
1352 | topdown as Integer(Brief="Trays counting (1=top-down, -1=bottom-up)", Default=1); |
---|
1353 | top as Integer(Brief="Number of top tray"); |
---|
1354 | bot as Integer(Brief="Number of bottom tray"); |
---|
1355 | |
---|
1356 | SET |
---|
1357 | top = (NumberOfTrays-1)*(1-topdown)/2+1; |
---|
1358 | bot = NumberOfTrays/top; |
---|
1359 | |
---|
1360 | VARIABLES |
---|
1361 | trays(NumberOfTrays) as trayTeste; |
---|
1362 | reb as reboiler; |
---|
1363 | |
---|
1364 | CONNECTIONS |
---|
1365 | #vapor |
---|
1366 | reb.OutletV to trays(bot).InletV; |
---|
1367 | trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).OutletV to trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).InletV; |
---|
1368 | |
---|
1369 | #liquid |
---|
1370 | trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).OutletL to trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).InletL; |
---|
1371 | trays(bot).OutletL to reb.InletL; |
---|
1372 | end |
---|
1373 | |
---|
1374 | |
---|
1375 | #* ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
1376 | * Reboiled Stripping Column model with: |
---|
1377 | * |
---|
1378 | * - NumberOfTrays like tray; |
---|
1379 | * - a vessel in the bottom of column; |
---|
1380 | * - a splitter which separate the bottom product and the stream to reboiler; |
---|
1381 | * - steady state reboiler (thermosyphon); |
---|
1382 | * |
---|
1383 | * ------------------------------------------------------------------* |
---|
1384 | Model Reboiled_Stripping_thermosyphonTeste |
---|
1385 | ATTRIBUTES |
---|
1386 | Pallete = true; |
---|
1387 | Icon = "icon/ReboiledThermosyphon"; |
---|
1388 | Brief = "Model of a reboiled stripping column with steady reboiler."; |
---|
1389 | Info = |
---|
1390 | "== Specify == |
---|
1391 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
---|
1392 | * the Murphree eficiency for each tray (Emv); |
---|
1393 | * the vapour flow leaving the top of the column; |
---|
1394 | * the InletL stream of the top tray; |
---|
1395 | * the heat supllied in bottom tank; |
---|
1396 | * the heat supllied in the reboiler; |
---|
1397 | * the Outlet1 flow in the bottom splitter (spbottom.Outlet1.F) that corresponds to the bottom product; |
---|
1398 | |
---|
1399 | == Initial Conditions == |
---|
1400 | * the trays temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1401 | * the trays liquid level (Level) OR the trays liquid flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
1402 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray; |
---|
1403 | |
---|
1404 | * the bottom tank temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1405 | * the bottom tank liquid level (Level); |
---|
1406 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions. |
---|
1407 | "; |
---|
1408 | |
---|
1409 | PARAMETERS |
---|
1410 | outer PP as Plugin(Brief = "External Physical Properties", Type="PP"); |
---|
1411 | outer NComp as Integer; |
---|
1412 | NumberOfTrays as Integer(Brief="Number of trays", Default=2); |
---|
1413 | topdown as Integer(Brief="Trays counting (1=top-down, -1=bottom-up)", Default=1); |
---|
1414 | top as Integer(Brief="Number of top tray"); |
---|
1415 | bot as Integer(Brief="Number of bottom tray"); |
---|
1416 | |
---|
1417 | SET |
---|
1418 | top = (NumberOfTrays-1)*(1-topdown)/2+1; |
---|
1419 | bot = NumberOfTrays/top; |
---|
1420 | |
---|
1421 | VARIABLES |
---|
1422 | trays(NumberOfTrays) as trayTeste; |
---|
1423 | reb as reboilerSteady; |
---|
1424 | spbottom as splitter; |
---|
1425 | tbottom as tank; |
---|
1426 | |
---|
1427 | CONNECTIONS |
---|
1428 | #vapor |
---|
1429 | reb.OutletV to trays(bot).InletV; |
---|
1430 | trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).OutletV to trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).InletV; |
---|
1431 | |
---|
1432 | #liquid |
---|
1433 | trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).OutletL to trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).InletL; |
---|
1434 | trays(bot).OutletL to tbottom.Inlet; |
---|
1435 | tbottom.Outlet to spbottom.Inlet; |
---|
1436 | spbottom.Outlet2 to reb.InletL; |
---|
1437 | end |
---|
1438 | |
---|
1439 | |
---|
1440 | #* ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
1441 | * Reboiled Absorption Column model with: |
---|
1442 | * |
---|
1443 | * - NumberOfTrays like tray; |
---|
1444 | * - a kettle reboiler; |
---|
1445 | * |
---|
1446 | * ------------------------------------------------------------------* |
---|
1447 | Model Reboiled_Absorption_kettleTeste |
---|
1448 | ATTRIBUTES |
---|
1449 | Pallete = true; |
---|
1450 | Icon = "icon/ReboiledKettle"; |
---|
1451 | Brief = "Model of a reboiled absorption column with dynamic reboiler."; |
---|
1452 | Info = |
---|
1453 | "== Specify == |
---|
1454 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
---|
1455 | * the Murphree eficiency for each tray Emv; |
---|
1456 | * the vapour flow leaving the top of the column; |
---|
1457 | * the InletL stream of the top tray; |
---|
1458 | * the heat supllied in the reboiler; |
---|
1459 | * the reboiler liquid outlet flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
1460 | |
---|
1461 | == Initial Conditions == |
---|
1462 | * the trays temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1463 | * the trays liquid level (Level) OR the trays liquid flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
1464 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray; |
---|
1465 | |
---|
1466 | * the reboiler temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1467 | * the reboiler liquid level (Level); |
---|
1468 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions. |
---|
1469 | "; |
---|
1470 | |
---|
1471 | PARAMETERS |
---|
1472 | outer PP as Plugin(Brief = "External Physical Properties", Type="PP"); |
---|
1473 | outer NComp as Integer; |
---|
1474 | NumberOfTrays as Integer(Brief="Number of trays", Default=2); |
---|
1475 | topdown as Integer(Brief="Trays counting (1=top-down, -1=bottom-up)", Default=1); |
---|
1476 | top as Integer(Brief="Number of top tray"); |
---|
1477 | bot as Integer(Brief="Number of bottom tray"); |
---|
1478 | |
---|
1479 | SET |
---|
1480 | top = (NumberOfTrays-1)*(1-topdown)/2+1; |
---|
1481 | bot = NumberOfTrays/top; |
---|
1482 | |
---|
1483 | VARIABLES |
---|
1484 | trays(NumberOfTrays) as trayTeste; |
---|
1485 | reb as reboiler; |
---|
1486 | |
---|
1487 | CONNECTIONS |
---|
1488 | #vapor |
---|
1489 | reb.OutletV to trays(bot).InletV; |
---|
1490 | trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).OutletV to trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).InletV; |
---|
1491 | |
---|
1492 | #liquid |
---|
1493 | trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).OutletL to trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).InletL; |
---|
1494 | trays(bot).OutletL to reb.InletL; |
---|
1495 | end |
---|
1496 | |
---|
1497 | |
---|
1498 | #* ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
1499 | * Reboiled Absorption Column model with: |
---|
1500 | * |
---|
1501 | * - NumberOfTrays like tray; |
---|
1502 | * - a vessel in the bottom of column; |
---|
1503 | * - a splitter which separate the bottom product and the stream to reboiler; |
---|
1504 | * - steady state reboiler (thermosyphon); |
---|
1505 | * |
---|
1506 | * ------------------------------------------------------------------* |
---|
1507 | Model Reboiled_Absorption_thermosyphonTeste |
---|
1508 | ATTRIBUTES |
---|
1509 | Pallete = true; |
---|
1510 | Icon = "icon/ReboiledThermosyphon"; |
---|
1511 | Brief = "Model of a reboiled absorption column with steady reboiler."; |
---|
1512 | Info = |
---|
1513 | "== Specify == |
---|
1514 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
---|
1515 | * the Murphree eficiency for each tray (Emv); |
---|
1516 | * the vapour flow leaving the top of the column; |
---|
1517 | * the InletL stream of the top tray; |
---|
1518 | * the heat supllied in bottom tank; |
---|
1519 | * the heat supllied in the reboiler; |
---|
1520 | * the Outlet1 flow in the bottom splitter (spbottom.Outlet1.F) that corresponds to the bottom product; |
---|
1521 | |
---|
1522 | == Initial Conditions == |
---|
1523 | * the trays temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1524 | * the trays liquid level (Level) OR the trays liquid flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
1525 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray; |
---|
1526 | |
---|
1527 | * the bottom tank temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1528 | * the bottom tank liquid level (Level); |
---|
1529 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions. |
---|
1530 | "; |
---|
1531 | |
---|
1532 | PARAMETERS |
---|
1533 | outer PP as Plugin(Brief = "External Physical Properties", Type="PP"); |
---|
1534 | outer NComp as Integer; |
---|
1535 | NumberOfTrays as Integer(Brief="Number of trays", Default=2); |
---|
1536 | topdown as Integer(Brief="Trays counting (1=top-down, -1=bottom-up)", Default=1); |
---|
1537 | top as Integer(Brief="Number of top tray"); |
---|
1538 | bot as Integer(Brief="Number of bottom tray"); |
---|
1539 | |
---|
1540 | SET |
---|
1541 | top = (NumberOfTrays-1)*(1-topdown)/2+1; |
---|
1542 | bot = NumberOfTrays/top; |
---|
1543 | |
---|
1544 | VARIABLES |
---|
1545 | trays(NumberOfTrays) as trayTeste; |
---|
1546 | reb as reboilerSteady; |
---|
1547 | spbottom as splitter; |
---|
1548 | tbottom as tank; |
---|
1549 | |
---|
1550 | CONNECTIONS |
---|
1551 | #vapor |
---|
1552 | reb.OutletV to trays(bot).InletV; |
---|
1553 | trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).OutletV to trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).InletV; |
---|
1554 | |
---|
1555 | #liquid |
---|
1556 | trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).OutletL to trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).InletL; |
---|
1557 | trays(bot).OutletL to tbottom.Inlet; |
---|
1558 | tbottom.Outlet to spbottom.Inlet; |
---|
1559 | spbottom.Outlet2 to reb.InletL; |
---|
1560 | end |
---|
1561 | |
---|
1562 | #* ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
1563 | * Reactive Distillation Column |
---|
1564 | * |
---|
1565 | * ------------------------------------------------------------------* |
---|
1566 | Model ReactiveDistillationTeste |
---|
1567 | ATTRIBUTES |
---|
1568 | Pallete = true; |
---|
1569 | Icon = "icon/DistillationKettleCond"; |
---|
1570 | Brief = "Model of a reactive distillation column with dynamic condenser and reboiler."; |
---|
1571 | Info = |
---|
1572 | "== Specify == |
---|
1573 | * the reaction related variables for each tray, condenser and reboiler; |
---|
1574 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
---|
1575 | * the Murphree eficiency for each tray Emv; |
---|
1576 | * the pump pressure difference; |
---|
1577 | * the heat supllied in reboiler and condenser; |
---|
1578 | * the condenser vapor outlet flow (OutletV.F); |
---|
1579 | * the reboiler liquid outlet flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
1580 | * both splitter outlet flows OR one of the splitter outlet flows and the splitter frac. |
---|
1581 | |
---|
1582 | == Initial Conditions == |
---|
1583 | * the trays temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1584 | * the trays liquid level (Level) OR the trays liquid flow (OutletL.F); |
---|
1585 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray; |
---|
1586 | |
---|
1587 | * the condenser temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1588 | * the condenser liquid level (Level); |
---|
1589 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions; |
---|
1590 | |
---|
1591 | * the reboiler temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1592 | * the reboiler liquid level (Level); |
---|
1593 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions. |
---|
1594 | "; |
---|
1595 | |
---|
1596 | PARAMETERS |
---|
1597 | outer PP as Plugin(Type="PP"); |
---|
1598 | outer NComp as Integer; |
---|
1599 | NumberOfTrays as Integer(Brief="Number of trays", Default=2); |
---|
1600 | topdown as Integer(Brief="Trays counting (1=top-down, -1=bottom-up)", Default=1); |
---|
1601 | top as Integer(Brief="Number of top tray"); |
---|
1602 | bot as Integer(Brief="Number of bottom tray"); |
---|
1603 | alfacond as Real; |
---|
1604 | |
---|
1605 | VapourFlow as Switcher(Valid = ["on", "off"], Default = "off"); |
---|
1606 | |
---|
1607 | SET |
---|
1608 | top = (NumberOfTrays-1)*(1-topdown)/2+1; |
---|
1609 | bot = NumberOfTrays/top; |
---|
1610 | |
---|
1611 | VARIABLES |
---|
1612 | trays(NumberOfTrays) as trayReactTeste; |
---|
1613 | cond as condenserReact; |
---|
1614 | reb as reboilerReact; |
---|
1615 | sp as splitter; |
---|
1616 | p as pump; |
---|
1617 | |
---|
1618 | EQUATIONS |
---|
1619 | |
---|
1620 | switch VapourFlow |
---|
1621 | case "on": |
---|
1622 | "Pressure Drop through the condenser" |
---|
1623 | cond.InletV.F*trays(top).vV / 'm^2' = |
---|
1624 | sqrt((trays(top).OutletV.P - cond.OutletL.P + 1e-8 * 'atm')/(trays(top).rhoV*alfacond)); |
---|
1625 | when trays(top).OutletV.P < cond.OutletL.P switchto "off"; |
---|
1626 | |
---|
1627 | case "off": |
---|
1628 | "Prato selado" |
---|
1629 | cond.InletV.F = 0.0 * 'mol/s'; |
---|
1630 | when trays(top).OutletV.P > cond.OutletL.P + 1e-3 * 'atm' switchto "on"; |
---|
1631 | end |
---|
1632 | |
---|
1633 | CONNECTIONS |
---|
1634 | #vapor |
---|
1635 | reb.OutletV to trays(bot).InletV; |
---|
1636 | trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).OutletV to trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).InletV; |
---|
1637 | trays(top).OutletV to cond.InletV; |
---|
1638 | |
---|
1639 | #liquid |
---|
1640 | cond.OutletL to sp.Inlet; |
---|
1641 | sp.Outlet2 to p.Inlet; |
---|
1642 | p.Outlet to trays(top).InletL; |
---|
1643 | trays([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).OutletL to trays([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).InletL; |
---|
1644 | trays(bot).OutletL to reb.InletL; |
---|
1645 | |
---|
1646 | end |
---|
1647 | |
---|
1648 | #*---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
---|
1649 | * Model of a packed column section with: |
---|
1650 | * - NStages = theoretical number of equilibrium stages. |
---|
1651 | * |
---|
1652 | *---------------------------------------------------------------------* |
---|
1653 | Model Packed_Section_ColumnTeste |
---|
1654 | ATTRIBUTES |
---|
1655 | Pallete = true; |
---|
1656 | Icon = "icon/PackedSectionColumn"; |
---|
1657 | Brief = "Model of a packed column section."; |
---|
1658 | Info = |
---|
1659 | "== Model of a packed column section containing == |
---|
1660 | * NStages theoretical stages. |
---|
1661 | |
---|
1662 | == Specify == |
---|
1663 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
---|
1664 | * the InletL stream of the top tray; |
---|
1665 | * the InletV stream of the bottom tray; |
---|
1666 | * the total pressure drop (dP) of the section. |
---|
1667 | |
---|
1668 | == Initial Conditions == |
---|
1669 | * the stages temperature (OutletL.T); |
---|
1670 | * the stages liquid holdup; |
---|
1671 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each tray. |
---|
1672 | "; |
---|
1673 | |
---|
1674 | PARAMETERS |
---|
1675 | outer PP as Plugin(Brief = "External Physical Properties", Type="PP"); |
---|
1676 | outer NComp as Integer; |
---|
1677 | NStages as Integer(Brief="Number of trays", Default=2); |
---|
1678 | topdown as Integer(Brief="Trays counting (1=top-down, -1=bottom-up)", Default=1); |
---|
1679 | top as Integer(Brief="Number of top tray"); |
---|
1680 | bot as Integer(Brief="Number of bottom tray"); |
---|
1681 | H as length (Brief="Height of packing"); |
---|
1682 | |
---|
1683 | VARIABLES |
---|
1684 | stage(NStages) as packedStageTeste; |
---|
1685 | dP as pressure; |
---|
1686 | |
---|
1687 | SET |
---|
1688 | top = (NStages-1)*(1-topdown)/2+1; |
---|
1689 | bot = NStages/top; |
---|
1690 | stage.hs = H/NStages; |
---|
1691 | stage.V = stage.hs * stage.d^2*3.14159/4; |
---|
1692 | |
---|
1693 | EQUATIONS |
---|
1694 | stage.deltaP = dP/NStages; |
---|
1695 | |
---|
1696 | CONNECTIONS |
---|
1697 | stage([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).OutletV to stage([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).InletV; |
---|
1698 | stage([top:topdown:bot-topdown]).OutletL to stage([top+topdown:topdown:bot]).InletL; |
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1699 | end |
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1700 | |
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1701 | #*---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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1702 | * Model of a packed distillation column containing: |
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1703 | * - a section with NStages theoretical stages; |
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1704 | * - a kettle reboiler; |
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1705 | * - dymamic condenser; |
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1706 | * - a splitter which separate reflux and distillate; |
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1707 | * - a pump in reflux stream; |
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1708 | *---------------------------------------------------------------------* |
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1709 | Model PackedDistillation_kettle_cond as Packed_Section_ColumnTeste |
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1710 | ATTRIBUTES |
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1711 | Pallete = true; |
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1712 | Icon = "icon/PackedDistillationKettleCond"; |
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1713 | Brief = "Model of a distillation column with dynamic condenser and dynamic reboiler."; |
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1714 | Info = |
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1715 | "== Specify == |
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1716 | * the feed stream of each tray (Inlet); |
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1717 | * the pump pressure difference; |
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1718 | * the total pressure drop (dP) of the packing; |
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1719 | * the heat supllied in reboiler and condenser; |
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1720 | * the condenser vapor outlet flow (OutletV.F); |
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1721 | * the reboiler liquid outlet flow (OutletL.F); |
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1722 | * both splitter outlet flows OR one of the splitter outlet flows and the splitter frac. |
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1723 | |
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1724 | == Initial Conditions == |
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1725 | * the stages temperature (OutletL.T); |
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1726 | * the stages initial molar holdup; |
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1727 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions for each stage; |
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1728 | |
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1729 | * the condenser temperature (OutletL.T); |
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1730 | * the condenser liquid level (Level); |
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1731 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions; |
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1732 | |
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1733 | * the reboiler temperature (OutletL.T); |
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1734 | * the reboiler liquid level (Level); |
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1735 | * (NoComps - 1) OutletL (OR OutletV) compositions. |
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1736 | "; |
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1737 | |
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1738 | PARAMETERS |
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1739 | VapourFlow as Switcher(Valid = ["on", "off"], Default = "on"); |
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1740 | |
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1741 | VARIABLES |
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1742 | cond as condenser; |
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1743 | reb as reboiler; |
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1744 | sptop as splitter; |
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1745 | pump1 as pump; |
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1746 | |
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1747 | CONNECTIONS |
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1748 | #vapor |
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1749 | reb.OutletV to stage(bot).InletV; |
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1750 | stage(top).OutletV to cond.InletV; |
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1751 | |
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1752 | #liquid |
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1753 | cond.OutletL to sptop.Inlet; |
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1754 | sptop.Outlet2 to pump1.Inlet; |
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1755 | pump1.Outlet to stage(top).InletL; |
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1756 | stage(bot).OutletL to reb.InletL; |
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1757 | |
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1758 | EQUATIONS |
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1759 | switch VapourFlow |
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1760 | case "on": |
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1761 | stage(bot).InletV.F*stage(bot).vV = sqrt((reb.OutletV.P - stage(bot).OutletV.P)/ |
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1762 | (stage(bot).rhoV*stage(bot).Qsil*20))*(stage(bot).d^2*3.14159/4*stage(bot).e - stage(bot).Al); |
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1763 | when stage(bot).InletV.F < 1e-6 * 'kmol/h' switchto "off"; |
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1764 | |
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1765 | case "off": |
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1766 | stage(bot).InletV.F = 0 * 'mol/s'; |
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1767 | when reb.OutletV.P > stage(bot).OutletV.P + 1e-1 * 'atm' switchto "on"; |
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1768 | end |
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1769 | |
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1770 | end |
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1771 | *# |
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